From e9c65f6719e754b1be37517649c742b2bc31d190 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Christian=20K=C3=B6llner?= <christian.koellner.80@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Sep 2019 19:09:43 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] More WIP

---
 .gitignore                                    |    5 +
 .../Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21.csproj     |    3 +
 .../Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Std20.csproj      |    3 +
 Capnp.Net.Runtime/Capnp.Net.Runtime.csproj    |   10 +-
 Capnp.Net.sln                                 |    2 +-
 .../CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests.csproj      |    3 +
 .../CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.csproj            |    1 +
 CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpCompilation.cs   |    7 +-
 ...npC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests.csproj |    2 +
 .../CapnpCodeBehindGenerator.cs               |   20 +-
 .../CapnpFileCodeBehindGenerator.cs           |   18 +-
 .../Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.csproj   |   16 +-
 .../GenerateCapnpFileCodeBehindTask.cs        |   46 +-
 .../ICapnpCsharpGenerator.cs                  |    2 +-
 .../CPS/Buildsystem/Rules/CapnpFileType.xaml  |   25 +-
 .../Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.props    |    1 +
 MsBuildGenerationTest/AddressBook.capnp       |   31 +
 .../MsBuildGenerationTest.csproj              |   56 +
 .../MsBuildGenerationTest.sln                 |   25 +
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/c++.capnp         |   26 +
 .../capnp/compat/json-test.capnp              |  116 ++
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json.capnp |  112 ++
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/persistent.capnp  |  139 ++
 .../capnp/rpc-twoparty.capnp                  |  169 ++
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc.capnp         | 1409 +++++++++++++++++
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/schema.capnp      |  529 +++++++
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import.capnp |   28 +
 .../capnp/test-import2.capnp                  |   32 +
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test.capnp        |  969 ++++++++++++
 .../capnp/testdata/annotated-json.binary      |  Bin 0 -> 544 bytes
 .../capnp/testdata/annotated.json             |   22 +
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/binary   |  Bin 0 -> 2816 bytes
 .../capnp/testdata/errors.capnp.nobuild       |  161 ++
 .../capnp/testdata/errors.txt                 |   60 +
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/flat     |  Bin 0 -> 2808 bytes
 .../capnp/testdata/lists.binary               |  Bin 0 -> 1096 bytes
 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/packed   |  Bin 0 -> 831 bytes
 .../capnp/testdata/packedflat                 |  Bin 0 -> 828 bytes
 .../capnp/testdata/pretty.json                |   88 +
 .../capnp/testdata/pretty.txt                 |  187 +++
 .../capnp/testdata/segmented                  |  Bin 0 -> 5520 bytes
 .../capnp/testdata/segmented-packed           |  Bin 0 -> 1352 bytes
 .../capnp/testdata/short.json                 |    1 +
 .../capnp/testdata/short.txt                  |    1 +
 MsBuildGenerationTest/nuget.config            |   10 +
 appveyor.yml                                  |    4 +-
 capnpc-csharp/capnpc-csharp.csproj            |    5 +-
 test.capnp.bin                                |    0
 48 files changed, 4295 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/AddressBook.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/MsBuildGenerationTest.csproj
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/MsBuildGenerationTest.sln
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/c++.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json-test.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/persistent.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc-twoparty.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/schema.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import2.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test.capnp
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/annotated-json.binary
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/annotated.json
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/binary
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/errors.capnp.nobuild
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/errors.txt
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/flat
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/lists.binary
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/packed
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/packedflat
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/pretty.json
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/pretty.txt
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/segmented
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/segmented-packed
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/short.json
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/short.txt
 create mode 100644 MsBuildGenerationTest/nuget.config
 delete mode 100644 test.capnp.bin

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index cc27174..1f39135 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -332,3 +332,8 @@ ASALocalRun/
 .mfractor/
 .vscode/tasks.json
 .vscode/launch.json
+
+# Capnp code behind
+.capnp.cs
+/globalPackages
+*.cs
diff --git a/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21.csproj b/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21.csproj
index d72aa67..d4a9e68 100644
--- a/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21.csproj
+++ b/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Core21.csproj
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
     <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
 
     <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+
+    <Configurations>Debug;Release</Configurations>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" Version="2.2.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" Version="2.2.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.2.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="1.4.0" />
diff --git a/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Std20.csproj b/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Std20.csproj
index 5048b1c..d722dd3 100644
--- a/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Std20.csproj
+++ b/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests/Capnp.Net.Runtime.Tests.Std20.csproj
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
     <LangVersion>7.1</LangVersion>
 
     <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+
+    <Configurations>Debug;Release</Configurations>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|AnyCPU'">
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions" Version="2.2.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" Version="2.2.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.2.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="1.4.0" />
diff --git a/Capnp.Net.Runtime/Capnp.Net.Runtime.csproj b/Capnp.Net.Runtime/Capnp.Net.Runtime.csproj
index ae162a8..90555c9 100644
--- a/Capnp.Net.Runtime/Capnp.Net.Runtime.csproj
+++ b/Capnp.Net.Runtime/Capnp.Net.Runtime.csproj
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
     <AssemblyName>Capnp.Net.Runtime</AssemblyName>
     <PackageId>Capnp.Net.Runtime</PackageId>
     <GeneratePackageOnBuild>true</GeneratePackageOnBuild>
+    <PackageOutputPath>..\bin\$(Configuration)</PackageOutputPath>
     <Authors>Christian Köllner and contributors</Authors>
     <Description>A Cap'n Proto implementation for .NET Standard &amp; Core</Description>
     <Product>capnproto-dotnetcore</Product>
@@ -17,17 +18,14 @@
     <PackageLicenseExpression>MIT</PackageLicenseExpression>
     <RepositoryType>Git</RepositoryType>
     <PackageTags>capnp "Cap'n Proto" RPC serialization cerealization</PackageTags>
-    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
+    <Version>1.0-local$([System.DateTime]::UtcNow.ToString(yyMMddHHmm))</Version>
+    <Configurations>Debug;Release</Configurations>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
     <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
   </PropertyGroup>
-
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
-    <DocumentationFile></DocumentationFile>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
+  
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging" Version="2.2.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/Capnp.Net.sln b/Capnp.Net.sln
index 38c77ca..ff53c1c 100644
--- a/Capnp.Net.sln
+++ b/Capnp.Net.sln
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Gener
 EndProject
 Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "CapnpC.CSharp.Generator", "CapnpC.CSharp.Generator\CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.csproj", "{C3A3BB49-356E-4762-A190-76D877BE18F7}"
 EndProject
-Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests", "CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests\CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests.csproj", "{EF05AD68-DE31-448E-B88D-4144F928ED5D}"
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests", "CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests\CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests.csproj", "{EF05AD68-DE31-448E-B88D-4144F928ED5D}"
 EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
diff --git a/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests.csproj b/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests.csproj
index 5228560..0f3fa11 100644
--- a/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests.csproj
+++ b/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests.csproj
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
     <RootNamespace>CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.Tests</RootNamespace>
 
     <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+
+    <Configurations>Debug;Release</Configurations>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@
       <Generator>SpecFlowSingleFileGenerator</Generator>
       <LastGenOutput>CodeGenerator.feature.cs</LastGenOutput>
       <Generator Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|AnyCPU'"></Generator>
+      <Generator Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='ReleaseTest|AnyCPU'"></Generator>
     </SpecFlowFeatureFiles>
   </ItemGroup>
   
diff --git a/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.csproj b/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.csproj
index 377d454..e752fdf 100644
--- a/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.csproj
+++ b/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator.csproj
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;netcoreapp2.1</TargetFrameworks>
+    <Configurations>Debug;Release</Configurations>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpCompilation.cs b/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpCompilation.cs
index ec4c342..3c01261 100644
--- a/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpCompilation.cs
+++ b/CapnpC.CSharp.Generator/CapnpCompilation.cs
@@ -45,9 +45,10 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.Generator
         /// Invokes "capnp.exe -o-" with given additional arguments and redirects the output to the C# generator backend.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="arguments">additional command line arguments</param>
+        /// <param name="workingDirectory">optional working directory</param>
         /// <returns>generation result</returns>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="arguments"/>is null</exception>
-        public static GenerationResult InvokeCapnpAndGenerate(IEnumerable<string> arguments)
+        public static GenerationResult InvokeCapnpAndGenerate(IEnumerable<string> arguments, string workingDirectory = null)
         {
             if (arguments == null)
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(arguments));
@@ -64,6 +65,10 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.Generator
                 compiler.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
                 compiler.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
                 compiler.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(workingDirectory))
+                {
+                    compiler.StartInfo.WorkingDirectory = workingDirectory;
+                }
 
                 try
                 {
diff --git a/CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests/CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests.csproj b/CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests/CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests.csproj
index fe274f1..4b48f59 100644
--- a/CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests/CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests.csproj
+++ b/CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests/CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.Tests.csproj
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
     <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
 
     <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+
+    <Configurations>Debug;Release</Configurations>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/CapnpCodeBehindGenerator.cs b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/CapnpCodeBehindGenerator.cs
index 71c0592..6bc73be 100644
--- a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/CapnpCodeBehindGenerator.cs
+++ b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/CapnpCodeBehindGenerator.cs
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
         }
 
 
-        public CsFileGeneratorResult GenerateCodeBehindFile(string capnpFile)
+        public CsFileGeneratorResult GenerateCodeBehindFile(CapnpGenJob job)
         {
+            string capnpFile = job.CapnpPath;
+
             // Works around a weird capnp.exe behavior: When the input file is empty, it will spit out an exception dump
             // instead of a parse error. But the parse error is nice because it contains a generated ID. We want the parse error!
             // Workaround: Generate a temporary file that contains a single line break (such that it is not empty...)
@@ -27,7 +29,15 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
                     File.WriteAllText(tempFile, Environment.NewLine);
                     try
                     {
-                        return GenerateCodeBehindFile(tempFile);
+                        var jobCopy = new CapnpGenJob()
+                        {
+                            CapnpPath = tempFile,
+                            WorkingDirectory = job.WorkingDirectory
+                        };
+
+                        jobCopy.AdditionalArguments.AddRange(job.AdditionalArguments);
+
+                        return GenerateCodeBehindFile(jobCopy);
                     }
                     finally
                     {
@@ -39,7 +49,11 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
             {
             }
 
-            var result = CapnpCompilation.InvokeCapnpAndGenerate(new string[] { capnpFile });
+            var args = new List<string>();
+            args.AddRange(job.AdditionalArguments);
+            args.Add(capnpFile);
+
+            var result = CapnpCompilation.InvokeCapnpAndGenerate(args, job.WorkingDirectory);
 
             if (result.IsSuccess)
             {
diff --git a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/CapnpFileCodeBehindGenerator.cs b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/CapnpFileCodeBehindGenerator.cs
index 188830b..26af336 100644
--- a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/CapnpFileCodeBehindGenerator.cs
+++ b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/CapnpFileCodeBehindGenerator.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Build.Framework;
 using Microsoft.Build.Utilities;
 
 namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
@@ -18,10 +19,8 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
 
         public IEnumerable<string> GenerateFilesForProject(
             string projectPath,
-            List<string> capnpFiles,            
-            string projectFolder,
-            string workingDirectory, 
-            string additionalOptions)
+            List<CapnpGenJob> capnpFiles,
+            string projectFolder)
         {
             using (var capnpCodeBehindGenerator = new CapnpCodeBehindGenerator())
             {
@@ -34,9 +33,14 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
                     yield break;
                 }
 
-                foreach (var capnpFile in capnpFiles)
+                foreach (var genJob in capnpFiles)
                 {
-                    var generatorResult = capnpCodeBehindGenerator.GenerateCodeBehindFile(capnpFile);
+                    Log.LogMessage(MessageImportance.Normal, "Generate {0}, working dir = {1}, options = {2}", 
+                        genJob.CapnpPath,
+                        genJob.WorkingDirectory,
+                        string.Join(" ", genJob.AdditionalArguments));
+
+                    var generatorResult = capnpCodeBehindGenerator.GenerateCodeBehindFile(genJob);
 
                     if (!generatorResult.Success)
                     {
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
                                         subcategory: null,
                                         errorCode: null,
                                         helpKeyword: null,
-                                        file: capnpFile,
+                                        file: genJob.CapnpPath,
                                         lineNumber: message.Line,
                                         columnNumber: message.Column,
                                         endLineNumber: message.Line,
diff --git a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.csproj b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.csproj
index 6c20fd2..c45d18d 100644
--- a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.csproj
+++ b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.csproj
@@ -11,19 +11,22 @@
     <AllowedOutputExtensionsInPackageBuildOutputFolder>$(AllowedOutputExtensionsInPackageBuildOutputFolder);.pdb</AllowedOutputExtensionsInPackageBuildOutputFolder>
     <AssemblyVersion>1.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
     <FileVersion>1.0.0.0</FileVersion>
-    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
-
+    <Version>1.0-local$([System.DateTime]::UtcNow.ToString(yyMMddHHmm))</Version>
+    
     <NuspecFile>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.nuspec</NuspecFile>
     <NuspecProperties>version=$(Version);configuration=$(Configuration)</NuspecProperties>
     <GeneratePackageOnBuild>true</GeneratePackageOnBuild>
+    <PackageOutputPath>..\bin\$(Configuration)</PackageOutputPath>
+    <Configurations>Debug;Release</Configurations>
   </PropertyGroup>
-
+  
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Composition" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.SDK" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.SDK.Tools" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Threading" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Xaml" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.Collections.Immutable" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
@@ -41,7 +44,8 @@
     <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem" Version="15.8.243" />
     <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.SDK" Version="15.8.243" />
     <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.SDK.Tools" Version="15.8.243" />
-    <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Threading" Version="15.8.132" />
+    <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Threading" Version="16.3.52" />
+    <PackageReference Update="Microsoft.Xaml" Version="4.0.0.1" />
     <PackageReference Update="System.Collections.Immutable" Version="1.5.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
@@ -103,4 +107,8 @@
     </None>
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <Target Name="PostBuild" AfterTargets="PostBuildEvent">
+    <Exec Command="rmdir /s /q $(SolutionDir)MsBuildGenerationTest\obj" />
+  </Target>
+
 </Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/GenerateCapnpFileCodeBehindTask.cs b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/GenerateCapnpFileCodeBehindTask.cs
index d29cf8d..459af9b 100644
--- a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/GenerateCapnpFileCodeBehindTask.cs
+++ b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/GenerateCapnpFileCodeBehindTask.cs
@@ -25,13 +25,43 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
 
         public ITaskItem[] CapnpFiles { get; set; }
 
-        public string WorkingDirectory { get; set; }
-
-        public string AdditionalOptions { get; set; }
-
         [Output]
         public ITaskItem[] GeneratedFiles { get; private set; }
 
+        static CapnpGenJob ToGenJob(ITaskItem item)
+        {
+            var job = new CapnpGenJob()
+            {
+                CapnpPath = item.GetMetadata("FullPath"),
+                WorkingDirectory = item.GetMetadata("WorkingDirectory")
+            };
+
+            string importPaths = item.GetMetadata("ImportPaths");
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(importPaths))
+            {
+                job.AdditionalArguments.AddRange(importPaths.Split(new char[] { ';' }, 
+                    StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Select(p => $"-I\"{p.TrimEnd('\\')}\""));
+            }
+
+            string sourcePrefix = item.GetMetadata("SourcePrefix");
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(sourcePrefix))
+            {
+                job.AdditionalArguments.Add(sourcePrefix);
+            }
+
+
+            string verbose = item.GetMetadata("Verbose");
+
+            if ("true".Equals(verbose, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                job.AdditionalArguments.Add("--verbose");
+            }
+
+            return job;
+        }
+
         public override bool Execute()
         {
             try
@@ -56,16 +86,14 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
 
                 var generator = CodeBehindGenerator ?? new CapnpFileCodeBehindGenerator(Log);
 
-                Log.LogWithNameTag(Log.LogMessage, "Starting GenerateFeatureFileCodeBehind");
+                Log.LogWithNameTag(Log.LogMessage, "Starting GenerateCapnpFileCodeBehind");
 
-                var capnpFiles = CapnpFiles?.Select(i => i.ItemSpec).ToList() ?? new List<string>();
+                var capnpFiles = CapnpFiles?.Select(ToGenJob).ToList() ?? new List<CapnpGenJob>();
 
                 var generatedFiles = generator.GenerateFilesForProject(
                     ProjectPath,
                     capnpFiles,
-                    ProjectFolder,
-                    WorkingDirectory,
-                    AdditionalOptions);
+                    ProjectFolder);
 
                 GeneratedFiles = generatedFiles.Select(file => new TaskItem { ItemSpec = file }).ToArray();
 
diff --git a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/ICapnpCsharpGenerator.cs b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/ICapnpCsharpGenerator.cs
index de828fd..965b0ce 100644
--- a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/ICapnpCsharpGenerator.cs
+++ b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/ICapnpCsharpGenerator.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ namespace CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
 {
     public interface ICapnpcCsharpGenerator
     {
-        IEnumerable<string> GenerateFilesForProject(string projectPath, List<string> capnpFiles, string projectFolder, string workingDirectory, string additionalOptions);
+        IEnumerable<string> GenerateFilesForProject(string projectPath, List<CapnpGenJob> jobs, string projectFolder);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/build/CPS/Buildsystem/Rules/CapnpFileType.xaml b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/build/CPS/Buildsystem/Rules/CapnpFileType.xaml
index 72e5c94..c938967 100644
--- a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/build/CPS/Buildsystem/Rules/CapnpFileType.xaml
+++ b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/build/CPS/Buildsystem/Rules/CapnpFileType.xaml
@@ -27,17 +27,20 @@
 
     <StringProperty Name="DependentUpon" Visible="false" />
     <StringProperty Name="Link" Visible="false" />
-    <StringProperty Name="Generator" Visible="true" DisplayName="Custom Tool"/>
+    <!--<StringProperty Name="Generator" Visible="true" DisplayName="Custom Tool"/>-->
 
-    <!--<StringProperty Name="WorkingDirectory" DisplayName="Working Directory" ReadOnly="false" Category="Misc">
-        <StringProperty.DataSource>
-            <DataSource Persistence="ProjectFile" ItemType="WorkingDirectory" PersistedName="WorkingDirectory" />
-        </StringProperty.DataSource>
-    </StringProperty>
+    <!--<BoolProperty Name="Exclude" DisplayName="Exclude from build" Category="Misc" Visible="True"
+                  Description="Whether to skip code generation for this item"/>-->
 
-    <StringProperty Name="AdditionalOptions" DisplayName="Additional command line options" ReadOnly="false" Category="Misc">
-        <StringProperty.DataSource>
-            <DataSource Persistence="ProjectFile" ItemType="AdditionalOptions" PersistedName="AdditionalOptions" />
-        </StringProperty.DataSource>
-    </StringProperty>-->
+    <StringProperty Name="WorkingDirectory" DisplayName="Working Directory" ReadOnly="false" Category="Misc" Visible="True"
+                    Subtype="Folder" Description="Working directory for capnp"/>
+
+    <StringListProperty Name="ImportPaths" DisplayName="Import Paths" Category="Misc" Visible="True" Subtype="Folder"
+                        Description="List of directories searched for non-relative imports (ones that start with a '/')"/>
+
+    <StringProperty Name="SourcePrefix" DisplayName="Source Prefix" Switch="src-prefix" SwitchPrefix="--" Category="Misc" Visible="True"
+                    Description="If a file specified for compilation starts with the specified prefix, remove the prefix for the purpose of deciding the names of output files."/>
+
+    <BoolProperty Name="Verbose" DisplayName="Verbose" Switch="verbose" SwitchPrefix="--" Category="Misc" Visible="True"
+                  Description="Log informational messages to stderr; useful for debugging."/>
 </Rule>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/build/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.props b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/build/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.props
index bc41f4e..2d2682c 100644
--- a/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/build/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.props
+++ b/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation/build/Capnpc.Csharp.MsBuild.Generation.props
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
     <CapnpFiles Include="**\*.capnp" >
       <CodeBehindFile>%(RelativeDir)%(Filename).capnp.cs</CodeBehindFile>
       <Visible>$(UsingMicrosoftNETSdk)</Visible>
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
     </CapnpFiles>
 
     <!-- obsolete codebehind files, scenarios:
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/AddressBook.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/AddressBook.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b353e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/AddressBook.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+@0xebf92c49b1687ddb;
+
+struct Person {
+  id @0 :UInt32;
+  name @1 :Text;
+  email @2 :Text;
+  phones @3 :List(PhoneNumber);
+
+  struct PhoneNumber {
+    number @0 :Text;
+    type @1 :Type;
+
+    enum Type {
+      mobile @0;
+      home @1;
+      work @2;
+    }
+  }
+
+  employment :union {
+    unemployed @4 :Void;
+    employer @5 :Text;
+    school @6 :Text;
+    selfEmployed @7 :Void;
+    # We assume that a person is only one of these.
+  }
+}
+
+struct AddressBook {
+  people @0 :List(Person);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/MsBuildGenerationTest.csproj b/MsBuildGenerationTest/MsBuildGenerationTest.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58cf166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/MsBuildGenerationTest.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <CapnpFiles Remove="capnp\persistent.capnp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Capnp.Net.Runtime" Version="1.0-local*" />
+    <PackageReference Include="CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation" Version="1.0-local*" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\c++.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <Verbose Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|AnyCPU'">true</Verbose>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\compat\json-test.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <ImportPaths>$(ProjectDir);%(ImportPaths)</ImportPaths>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\compat\json.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <ImportPaths>$(ProjectDir);%(ImportPaths)</ImportPaths>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\rpc-twoparty.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <ImportPaths>$(ProjectDir);%(ImportPaths)</ImportPaths>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\rpc.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <ImportPaths>$(ProjectDir);%(ImportPaths)</ImportPaths>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\schema.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <ImportPaths>$(ProjectDir);%(ImportPaths)</ImportPaths>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\test-import.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <ImportPaths>$(ProjectDir);%(ImportPaths)</ImportPaths>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\test-import2.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <ImportPaths>$(ProjectDir);%(ImportPaths)</ImportPaths>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+    <CapnpFiles Update="capnp\test.capnp">
+      <WorkingDirectory>$(ProjectDir)</WorkingDirectory>
+      <ImportPaths>$(ProjectDir);%(ImportPaths)</ImportPaths>
+    </CapnpFiles>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/MsBuildGenerationTest.sln b/MsBuildGenerationTest/MsBuildGenerationTest.sln
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd2ebd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/MsBuildGenerationTest.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 16
+VisualStudioVersion = 16.0.29306.81
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "MsBuildGenerationTest", "MsBuildGenerationTest.csproj", "{D2CFBABF-7028-4761-9B24-6054008F41A0}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{D2CFBABF-7028-4761-9B24-6054008F41A0}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D2CFBABF-7028-4761-9B24-6054008F41A0}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{D2CFBABF-7028-4761-9B24-6054008F41A0}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{D2CFBABF-7028-4761-9B24-6054008F41A0}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {76182204-2E1A-4AEF-AB7B-13725C36FFF2}
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/c++.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/c++.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bda547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/c++.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0xbdf87d7bb8304e81;
+$namespace("capnp::annotations");
+
+annotation namespace(file): Text;
+annotation name(field, enumerant, struct, enum, interface, method, param, group, union): Text;
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json-test.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json-test.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1446f8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json-test.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018 Cloudflare, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0xc9d405cf4333e4c9;
+
+using Json = import "/capnp/compat/json.capnp";
+
+$import "/capnp/c++.capnp".namespace("capnp");
+
+struct TestJsonAnnotations {
+  someField @0 :Text $Json.name("names-can_contain!anything Really");
+
+  aGroup :group $Json.flatten() {
+    flatFoo @1 :UInt32;
+    flatBar @2 :Text;
+    flatBaz :group $Json.name("renamed-flatBaz") {
+      hello @3 :Bool;
+    }
+    doubleFlat :group $Json.flatten() {
+      flatQux @4 :Text;
+    }
+  }
+
+  prefixedGroup :group $Json.flatten(prefix = "pfx.") {
+    foo @5 :Text;
+    bar @6 :UInt32 $Json.name("renamed-bar");
+    baz :group {
+      hello @7 :Bool;
+    }
+    morePrefix :group $Json.flatten(prefix = "xfp.") {
+      qux @8 :Text;
+    }
+  }
+
+  aUnion :union $Json.flatten() $Json.discriminator(name = "union-type") {
+    foo :group $Json.flatten() {
+      fooMember @9 :Text;
+      multiMember @10 :UInt32;
+    }
+    bar :group $Json.flatten() $Json.name("renamed-bar") {
+      barMember @11 :UInt32;
+      multiMember @12 :Text;
+    }
+  }
+
+  dependency @13 :TestJsonAnnotations2;
+  # To test that dependencies are loaded even if not flattened.
+
+  simpleGroup :group {
+    # To test that group types are loaded even if not flattened.
+    grault @14 :Text $Json.name("renamed-grault");
+  }
+
+  enums @15 :List(TestJsonAnnotatedEnum);
+
+  innerJson @16 :Json.Value;
+
+  customFieldHandler @17 :Text;
+
+  testBase64 @18 :Data $Json.base64;
+  testHex @19 :Data $Json.hex;
+
+  bUnion :union $Json.flatten() $Json.discriminator(valueName = "bValue") {
+    foo @20 :Text;
+    bar @21 :UInt32 $Json.name("renamed-bar");
+  }
+
+  externalUnion @22 :TestJsonAnnotations3;
+
+  unionWithVoid :union $Json.discriminator(name = "type") {
+    intValue @23 :UInt32;
+    voidValue @24 :Void;
+    textValue @25 :Text;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestJsonAnnotations2 {
+  foo @0 :Text $Json.name("renamed-foo");
+  cycle @1 :TestJsonAnnotations;
+}
+
+struct TestJsonAnnotations3 $Json.discriminator(name = "type") {
+  union {
+    foo @0 :UInt32;
+    bar @1 :TestFlattenedStruct $Json.flatten();
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestFlattenedStruct {
+  value @0 :Text;
+}
+
+enum TestJsonAnnotatedEnum {
+  foo @0;
+  bar @1 $Json.name("renamed-bar");
+  baz @2 $Json.name("renamed-baz");
+  qux @3;
+}
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff6e7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/compat/json.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2015 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0x8ef99297a43a5e34;
+
+$import "/capnp/c++.capnp".namespace("capnp::json");
+
+struct Value {
+  union {
+    null @0 :Void;
+    boolean @1 :Bool;
+    number @2 :Float64;
+    string @3 :Text;
+    array @4 :List(Value);
+    object @5 :List(Field);
+    # Standard JSON values.
+
+    call @6 :Call;
+    # Non-standard: A "function call", applying a named function (named by a single identifier)
+    # to a parameter list. Examples:
+    #
+    #     BinData(0, "Zm9vCg==")
+    #     ISODate("2015-04-15T08:44:50.218Z")
+    #
+    # Mongo DB users will recognize the above as exactly the syntax Mongo uses to represent BSON
+    # "binary" and "date" types in text, since JSON has no analog of these. This is basically the
+    # reason this extension exists. We do NOT recommend using `call` unless you specifically need
+    # to be compatible with some silly format that uses this syntax.
+  }
+
+  struct Field {
+    name @0 :Text;
+    value @1 :Value;
+  }
+
+  struct Call {
+    function @0 :Text;
+    params @1 :List(Value);
+  }
+}
+
+# ========================================================================================
+# Annotations to control parsing. Typical usage:
+#
+#     using Json = import "/capnp/compat/json.capnp";
+#
+# And then later on:
+#
+#     myField @0 :Text $Json.name("my_field");
+
+annotation name @0xfa5b1fd61c2e7c3d (field, enumerant, method, group, union): Text;
+# Define an alternative name to use when encoding the given item in JSON. This can be used, for
+# example, to use snake_case names where needed, even though Cap'n Proto uses strictly camelCase.
+#
+# (However, because JSON is derived from JavaScript, you *should* use camelCase names when
+# defining JSON-based APIs. But, when supporting a pre-existing API you may not have a choice.)
+
+annotation flatten @0x82d3e852af0336bf (field, group, union): FlattenOptions;
+# Specifies that an aggregate field should be flattened into its parent.
+#
+# In order to flatten a member of a union, the union (or, for an anonymous union, the parent
+# struct type) must have the $jsonDiscriminator annotation.
+#
+# TODO(someday): Maybe support "flattening" a List(Value.Field) as a way to support unknown JSON
+#   fields?
+
+struct FlattenOptions {
+  prefix @0 :Text = "";
+  # Optional: Adds the given prefix to flattened field names.
+}
+
+annotation discriminator @0xcfa794e8d19a0162 (struct, union): DiscriminatorOptions;
+# Specifies that a union's variant will be decided not by which fields are present, but instead
+# by a special discriminator field. The value of the discriminator field is a string naming which
+# variant is active. This allows the members of the union to have the $jsonFlatten annotation, or
+# to all have the same name.
+
+struct DiscriminatorOptions {
+  name @0 :Text;
+  # The name of the discriminator field. Defaults to matching the name of the union.
+
+  valueName @1 :Text;
+  # If non-null, specifies that the union's value shall have the given field name, rather than the
+  # value's name. In this case the union's variant can only be determined by looking at the
+  # discriminant field, not by inspecting which value field is present.
+  #
+  # It is an error to use `valueName` while also declaring some variants as $flatten.
+}
+
+annotation base64 @0xd7d879450a253e4b (field): Void;
+# Place on a field of type `Data` to indicate that its JSON representation is a Base64 string.
+
+annotation hex @0xf061e22f0ae5c7b5 (field): Void;
+# Place on a field of type `Data` to indicate that its JSON representation is a hex string.
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/persistent.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/persistent.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a13b471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/persistent.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0xb8630836983feed7;
+
+$import "/capnp/c++.capnp".namespace("capnp");
+
+interface Persistent@0xc8cb212fcd9f5691(SturdyRef, Owner) {
+  # Interface implemented by capabilities that outlive a single connection. A client may save()
+  # the capability, producing a SturdyRef. The SturdyRef can be stored to disk, then later used to
+  # obtain a new reference to the capability on a future connection.
+  #
+  # The exact format of SturdyRef depends on the "realm" in which the SturdyRef appears. A "realm"
+  # is an abstract space in which all SturdyRefs have the same format and refer to the same set of
+  # resources. Every vat is in exactly one realm. All capability clients within that vat must
+  # produce SturdyRefs of the format appropriate for the realm.
+  #
+  # Similarly, every VatNetwork also resides in a particular realm. Usually, a vat's "realm"
+  # corresponds to the realm of its main VatNetwork. However, a Vat can in fact communicate over
+  # a VatNetwork in a different realm -- in this case, all SturdyRefs need to be transformed when
+  # coming or going through said VatNetwork. The RPC system has hooks for registering
+  # transformation callbacks for this purpose.
+  #
+  # Since the format of SturdyRef is realm-dependent, it is not defined here. An application should
+  # choose an appropriate realm for itself as part of its design. Note that under Sandstorm, every
+  # application exists in its own realm and is therefore free to define its own SturdyRef format;
+  # the Sandstorm platform handles translating between realms.
+  #
+  # Note that whether a capability is persistent is often orthogonal to its type. In these cases,
+  # the capability's interface should NOT inherit `Persistent`; instead, just perform a cast at
+  # runtime. It's not type-safe, but trying to be type-safe in these cases will likely lead to
+  # tears. In cases where a particular interface only makes sense on persistent capabilities, it
+  # still should not explicitly inherit Persistent because the `SturdyRef` and `Owner` types will
+  # vary between realms (they may even be different at the call site than they are on the
+  # implementation). Instead, mark persistent interfaces with the $persistent annotation (defined
+  # below).
+  #
+  # Sealing
+  # -------
+  #
+  # As an added security measure, SturdyRefs may be "sealed" to a particular owner, such that
+  # if the SturdyRef itself leaks to a third party, that party cannot actually restore it because
+  # they are not the owner. To restore a sealed capability, you must first prove to its host that
+  # you are the rightful owner. The precise mechanism for this authentication is defined by the
+  # realm.
+  #
+  # Sealing is a defense-in-depth mechanism meant to mitigate damage in the case of catastrophic
+  # attacks. For example, say an attacker temporarily gains read access to a database full of
+  # SturdyRefs: it would be unfortunate if it were then necessary to revoke every single reference
+  # in the database to prevent the attacker from using them.
+  #
+  # In general, an "owner" is a course-grained identity. Because capability-based security is still
+  # the primary mechanism of security, it is not necessary nor desirable to have a separate "owner"
+  # identity for every single process or object; that is exactly what capabilities are supposed to
+  # avoid! Instead, it makes sense for an "owner" to literally identify the owner of the machines
+  # where the capability is stored. If untrusted third parties are able to run arbitrary code on
+  # said machines, then the sandbox for that code should be designed using Distributed Confinement
+  # such that the third-party code never sees the bits of the SturdyRefs and cannot directly
+  # exercise the owner's power to restore refs. See:
+  #
+  #     http://www.erights.org/elib/capability/dist-confine.html
+  #
+  # Resist the urge to represent an Owner as a simple public key. The whole point of sealing is to
+  # defend against leaked-storage attacks. Such attacks can easily result in the owner's private
+  # key being stolen as well. A better solution is for `Owner` to contain a simple globally unique
+  # identifier for the owner, and for everyone to separately maintain a mapping of owner IDs to
+  # public keys. If an owner's private key is compromised, then humans will need to communicate
+  # and agree on a replacement public key, then update the mapping.
+  #
+  # As a concrete example, an `Owner` could simply contain a domain name, and restoring a SturdyRef
+  # would require signing a request using the domain's private key. Authenticating this key could
+  # be accomplished through certificate authorities or web-of-trust techniques.
+
+  save @0 SaveParams -> SaveResults;
+  # Save a capability persistently so that it can be restored by a future connection.  Not all
+  # capabilities can be saved -- application interfaces should define which capabilities support
+  # this and which do not.
+
+  struct SaveParams {
+    sealFor @0 :Owner;
+    # Seal the SturdyRef so that it can only be restored by the specified Owner. This is meant
+    # to mitigate damage when a SturdyRef is leaked. See comments above.
+    #
+    # Leaving this value null may or may not be allowed; it is up to the realm to decide. If a
+    # realm does allow a null owner, this should indicate that anyone is allowed to restore the
+    # ref.
+  }
+  struct SaveResults {
+    sturdyRef @0 :SturdyRef;
+  }
+}
+
+interface RealmGateway(InternalRef, ExternalRef, InternalOwner, ExternalOwner) {
+  # Interface invoked when a SturdyRef is about to cross realms. The RPC system supports providing
+  # a RealmGateway as a callback hook when setting up RPC over some VatNetwork.
+
+  import @0 (cap :Persistent(ExternalRef, ExternalOwner),
+             params :Persistent(InternalRef, InternalOwner).SaveParams)
+         -> Persistent(InternalRef, InternalOwner).SaveResults;
+  # Given an external capability, save it and return an internal reference. Used when someone
+  # inside the realm tries to save a capability from outside the realm.
+
+  export @1 (cap :Persistent(InternalRef, InternalOwner),
+             params :Persistent(ExternalRef, ExternalOwner).SaveParams)
+         -> Persistent(ExternalRef, ExternalOwner).SaveResults;
+  # Given an internal capability, save it and return an external reference. Used when someone
+  # outside the realm tries to save a capability from inside the realm.
+}
+
+annotation persistent(interface, field) :Void;
+# Apply this annotation to interfaces for objects that will always be persistent, instead of
+# extending the Persistent capability, since the correct type parameters to Persistent depend on
+# the realm, which is orthogonal to the interface type and therefore should not be defined
+# along-side it.
+#
+# You may also apply this annotation to a capability-typed field which will always contain a
+# persistent capability, but where the capability's interface itself is not already marked
+# persistent.
+#
+# Note that absence of the $persistent annotation doesn't mean a capability of that type isn't
+# persistent; it just means not *all* such capabilities are persistent.
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc-twoparty.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc-twoparty.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b670e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc-twoparty.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0xa184c7885cdaf2a1;
+# This file defines the "network-specific parameters" in rpc.capnp to support a network consisting
+# of two vats.  Each of these vats may in fact be in communication with other vats, but any
+# capabilities they forward must be proxied.  Thus, to each end of the connection, all capabilities
+# received from the other end appear to live in a single vat.
+#
+# Two notable use cases for this model include:
+# - Regular client-server communications, where a remote client machine (perhaps living on an end
+#   user's personal device) connects to a server.  The server may be part of a cluster, and may
+#   call on other servers in the cluster to help service the user's request.  It may even obtain
+#   capabilities from these other servers which it passes on to the user.  To simplify network
+#   common traversal problems (e.g. if the user is behind a firewall), it is probably desirable to
+#   multiplex all communications between the server cluster and the client over the original
+#   connection rather than form new ones.  This connection should use the two-party protocol, as
+#   the client has no interest in knowing about additional servers.
+# - Applications running in a sandbox.  A supervisor process may execute a confined application
+#   such that all of the confined app's communications with the outside world must pass through
+#   the supervisor.  In this case, the connection between the confined app and the supervisor might
+#   as well use the two-party protocol, because the confined app is intentionally prevented from
+#   talking to any other vat anyway.  Any external resources will be proxied through the supervisor,
+#   and so to the contained app will appear as if they were hosted by the supervisor itself.
+#
+# Since there are only two vats in this network, there is never a need for three-way introductions,
+# so level 3 is free.  Moreover, because it is never necessary to form new connections, the
+# two-party protocol can be used easily anywhere where a two-way byte stream exists, without regard
+# to where that byte stream goes or how it was initiated.  This makes the two-party runtime library
+# highly reusable.
+#
+# Joins (level 4) _could_ be needed in cases where one or both vats are participating in other
+# networks that use joins.  For instance, if Alice and Bob are speaking through the two-party
+# protocol, and Bob is also participating on another network, Bob may send Alice two or more
+# proxied capabilities which, unbeknownst to Bob at the time, are in fact pointing at the same
+# remote object.  Alice may then request to join these capabilities, at which point Bob will have
+# to forward the join to the other network.  Note, however, that if Alice is _not_ participating on
+# any other network, then Alice will never need to _receive_ a Join, because Alice would always
+# know when two locally-hosted capabilities are the same and would never export a redundant alias
+# to Bob.  So, Alice can respond to all incoming joins with an error, and only needs to implement
+# outgoing joins if she herself desires to use this feature.  Also, outgoing joins are relatively
+# easy to implement in this scenario.
+#
+# What all this means is that a level 4 implementation of the confined network is barely more
+# complicated than a level 2 implementation.  However, such an implementation allows the "client"
+# or "confined" app to access the server's/supervisor's network with equal functionality to any
+# native participant.  In other words, an application which implements only the two-party protocol
+# can be paired with a proxy app in order to participate in any network.
+#
+# So, when implementing Cap'n Proto in a new language, it makes sense to implement only the
+# two-party protocol initially, and then pair applications with an appropriate proxy written in
+# C++, rather than implement other parameterizations of the RPC protocol directly.
+
+using Cxx = import "/capnp/c++.capnp";
+$Cxx.namespace("capnp::rpc::twoparty");
+
+# Note: SturdyRef is not specified here. It is up to the application to define semantics of
+# SturdyRefs if desired.
+
+enum Side {
+  server @0;
+  # The object lives on the "server" or "supervisor" end of the connection. Only the
+  # server/supervisor knows how to interpret the ref; to the client, it is opaque.
+  #
+  # Note that containers intending to implement strong confinement should rewrite SturdyRefs
+  # received from the external network before passing them on to the confined app. The confined
+  # app thus does not ever receive the raw bits of the SturdyRef (which it could perhaps
+  # maliciously leak), but instead receives only a thing that it can pass back to the container
+  # later to restore the ref. See:
+  # http://www.erights.org/elib/capability/dist-confine.html
+
+  client @1;
+  # The object lives on the "client" or "confined app" end of the connection. Only the client
+  # knows how to interpret the ref; to the server/supervisor, it is opaque. Most clients do not
+  # actually know how to persist capabilities at all, so use of this is unusual.
+}
+
+struct VatId {
+  side @0 :Side;
+}
+
+struct ProvisionId {
+  # Only used for joins, since three-way introductions never happen on a two-party network.
+
+  joinId @0 :UInt32;
+  # The ID from `JoinKeyPart`.
+}
+
+struct RecipientId {}
+# Never used, because there are only two parties.
+
+struct ThirdPartyCapId {}
+# Never used, because there is no third party.
+
+struct JoinKeyPart {
+  # Joins in the two-party case are simplified by a few observations.
+  #
+  # First, on a two-party network, a Join only ever makes sense if the receiving end is also
+  # connected to other networks.  A vat which is not connected to any other network can safely
+  # reject all joins.
+  #
+  # Second, since a two-party connection bisects the network -- there can be no other connections
+  # between the networks at either end of the connection -- if one part of a join crosses the
+  # connection, then _all_ parts must cross it.  Therefore, a vat which is receiving a Join request
+  # off some other network which needs to be forwarded across the two-party connection can
+  # collect all the parts on its end and only forward them across the two-party connection when all
+  # have been received.
+  #
+  # For example, imagine that Alice and Bob are vats connected over a two-party connection, and
+  # each is also connected to other networks.  At some point, Alice receives one part of a Join
+  # request off her network.  The request is addressed to a capability that Alice received from
+  # Bob and is proxying to her other network.  Alice goes ahead and responds to the Join part as
+  # if she hosted the capability locally (this is important so that if not all the Join parts end
+  # up at Alice, the original sender can detect the failed Join without hanging).  As other parts
+  # trickle in, Alice verifies that each part is addressed to a capability from Bob and continues
+  # to respond to each one.  Once the complete set of join parts is received, Alice checks if they
+  # were all for the exact same capability.  If so, she doesn't need to send anything to Bob at
+  # all.  Otherwise, she collects the set of capabilities (from Bob) to which the join parts were
+  # addressed and essentially initiates a _new_ Join request on those capabilities to Bob.  Alice
+  # does not forward the Join parts she received herself, but essentially forwards the Join as a
+  # whole.
+  #
+  # On Bob's end, since he knows that Alice will always send all parts of a Join together, he
+  # simply waits until he's received them all, then performs a join on the respective capabilities
+  # as if it had been requested locally.
+
+  joinId @0 :UInt32;
+  # A number identifying this join, chosen by the sender.  May be reused once `Finish` messages are
+  # sent corresponding to all of the `Join` messages.
+
+  partCount @1 :UInt16;
+  # The number of capabilities to be joined.
+
+  partNum @2 :UInt16;
+  # Which part this request targets -- a number in the range [0, partCount).
+}
+
+struct JoinResult {
+  joinId @0 :UInt32;
+  # Matches `JoinKeyPart`.
+
+  succeeded @1 :Bool;
+  # All JoinResults in the set will have the same value for `succeeded`.  The receiver actually
+  # implements the join by waiting for all the `JoinKeyParts` and then performing its own join on
+  # them, then going back and answering all the join requests afterwards.
+
+  cap @2 :AnyPointer;
+  # One of the JoinResults will have a non-null `cap` which is the joined capability.
+  #
+  # TODO(cleanup):  Change `AnyPointer` to `Capability` when that is supported.
+}
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86e86ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/rpc.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,1409 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0xb312981b2552a250;
+# Recall that Cap'n Proto RPC allows messages to contain references to remote objects that
+# implement interfaces.  These references are called "capabilities", because they both designate
+# the remote object to use and confer permission to use it.
+#
+# Recall also that Cap'n Proto RPC has the feature that when a method call itself returns a
+# capability, the caller can begin calling methods on that capability _before the first call has
+# returned_.  The caller essentially sends a message saying "Hey server, as soon as you finish
+# that previous call, do this with the result!".  Cap'n Proto's RPC protocol makes this possible.
+#
+# The protocol is significantly more complicated than most RPC protocols.  However, this is
+# implementation complexity that underlies an easy-to-grasp higher-level model of object oriented
+# programming.  That is, just like TCP is a surprisingly complicated protocol that implements a
+# conceptually-simple byte stream abstraction, Cap'n Proto is a surprisingly complicated protocol
+# that implements a conceptually-simple object abstraction.
+#
+# Cap'n Proto RPC is based heavily on CapTP, the object-capability protocol used by the E
+# programming language:
+#     http://www.erights.org/elib/distrib/captp/index.html
+#
+# Cap'n Proto RPC takes place between "vats".  A vat hosts some set of objects and talks to other
+# vats through direct bilateral connections.  Typically, there is a 1:1 correspondence between vats
+# and processes (in the unix sense of the word), although this is not strictly always true (one
+# process could run multiple vats, or a distributed virtual vat might live across many processes).
+#
+# Cap'n Proto does not distinguish between "clients" and "servers" -- this is up to the application.
+# Either end of any connection can potentially hold capabilities pointing to the other end, and
+# can call methods on those capabilities.  In the doc comments below, we use the words "sender"
+# and "receiver".  These refer to the sender and receiver of an instance of the struct or field
+# being documented.  Sometimes we refer to a "third-party" that is neither the sender nor the
+# receiver.  Documentation is generally written from the point of view of the sender.
+#
+# It is generally up to the vat network implementation to securely verify that connections are made
+# to the intended vat as well as to encrypt transmitted data for privacy and integrity.  See the
+# `VatNetwork` example interface near the end of this file.
+#
+# When a new connection is formed, the only interesting things that can be done are to send a
+# `Bootstrap` (level 0) or `Accept` (level 3) message.
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, messages must be delivered to the receiving application in the same
+# order in which they were initiated by the sending application.  The goal is to support "E-Order",
+# which states that two calls made on the same reference must be delivered in the order which they
+# were made:
+#     http://erights.org/elib/concurrency/partial-order.html
+#
+# Since the full protocol is complicated, we define multiple levels of support that an
+# implementation may target.  For many applications, level 1 support will be sufficient.
+# Comments in this file indicate which level requires the corresponding feature to be
+# implemented.
+#
+# * **Level 0:** The implementation does not support object references. Only the bootstrap interface
+#   can be called. At this level, the implementation does not support object-oriented protocols and
+#   is similar in complexity to JSON-RPC or Protobuf services. This level should be considered only
+#   a temporary stepping-stone toward level 1 as the lack of object references drastically changes
+#   how protocols are designed. Applications _should not_ attempt to design their protocols around
+#   the limitations of level 0 implementations.
+#
+# * **Level 1:** The implementation supports simple bilateral interaction with object references
+#   and promise pipelining, but interactions between three or more parties are supported only via
+#   proxying of objects.  E.g. if Alice (in Vat A) wants to send Bob (in Vat B) a capability
+#   pointing to Carol (in Vat C), Alice must create a proxy of Carol within Vat A and send Bob a
+#   reference to that; Bob cannot form a direct connection to Carol.  Level 1 implementations do
+#   not support checking if two capabilities received from different vats actually point to the
+#   same object ("join"), although they should be able to do this check on capabilities received
+#   from the same vat.
+#
+# * **Level 2:** The implementation supports saving persistent capabilities -- i.e. capabilities
+#   that remain valid even after disconnect, and can be restored on a future connection. When a
+#   capability is saved, the requester receives a `SturdyRef`, which is a token that can be used
+#   to restore the capability later.
+#
+# * **Level 3:** The implementation supports three-way interactions.  That is, if Alice (in Vat A)
+#   sends Bob (in Vat B) a capability pointing to Carol (in Vat C), then Vat B will automatically
+#   form a direct connection to Vat C rather than have requests be proxied through Vat A.
+#
+# * **Level 4:** The entire protocol is implemented, including joins (checking if two capabilities
+#   are equivalent).
+#
+# Note that an implementation must also support specific networks (transports), as described in
+# the "Network-specific Parameters" section below.  An implementation might have different levels
+# depending on the network used.
+#
+# New implementations of Cap'n Proto should start out targeting the simplistic two-party network
+# type as defined in `rpc-twoparty.capnp`.  With this network type, level 3 is irrelevant and
+# levels 2 and 4 are much easier than usual to implement.  When such an implementation is paired
+# with a container proxy, the contained app effectively gets to make full use of the proxy's
+# network at level 4.  And since Cap'n Proto IPC is extremely fast, it may never make sense to
+# bother implementing any other vat network protocol -- just use the correct container type and get
+# it for free.
+
+using Cxx = import "/capnp/c++.capnp";
+$Cxx.namespace("capnp::rpc");
+
+# ========================================================================================
+# The Four Tables
+#
+# Cap'n Proto RPC connections are stateful (although an application built on Cap'n Proto could
+# export a stateless interface).  As in CapTP, for each open connection, a vat maintains four state
+# tables: questions, answers, imports, and exports.  See the diagram at:
+#     http://www.erights.org/elib/distrib/captp/4tables.html
+#
+# The question table corresponds to the other end's answer table, and the imports table corresponds
+# to the other end's exports table.
+#
+# The entries in each table are identified by ID numbers (defined below as 32-bit integers).  These
+# numbers are always specific to the connection; a newly-established connection starts with no
+# valid IDs.  Since low-numbered IDs will pack better, it is suggested that IDs be assigned like
+# Unix file descriptors -- prefer the lowest-number ID that is currently available.
+#
+# IDs in the questions/answers tables are chosen by the questioner and generally represent method
+# calls that are in progress.
+#
+# IDs in the imports/exports tables are chosen by the exporter and generally represent objects on
+# which methods may be called.  Exports may be "settled", meaning the exported object is an actual
+# object living in the exporter's vat, or they may be "promises", meaning the exported object is
+# the as-yet-unknown result of an ongoing operation and will eventually be resolved to some other
+# object once that operation completes.  Calls made to a promise will be forwarded to the eventual
+# target once it is known.  The eventual replacement object does *not* get the same ID as the
+# promise, as it may turn out to be an object that is already exported (so already has an ID) or
+# may even live in a completely different vat (and so won't get an ID on the same export table
+# at all).
+#
+# IDs can be reused over time.  To make this safe, we carefully define the lifetime of IDs.  Since
+# messages using the ID could be traveling in both directions simultaneously, we must define the
+# end of life of each ID _in each direction_.  The ID is only safe to reuse once it has been
+# released by both sides.
+#
+# When a Cap'n Proto connection is lost, everything on the four tables is lost.  All questions are
+# canceled and throw exceptions.  All imports become broken (all future calls to them throw
+# exceptions).  All exports and answers are implicitly released.  The only things not lost are
+# persistent capabilities (`SturdyRef`s).  The application must plan for this and should respond by
+# establishing a new connection and restoring from these persistent capabilities.
+
+using QuestionId = UInt32;
+# **(level 0)**
+#
+# Identifies a question in the sender's question table (which corresponds to the receiver's answer
+# table).  The questioner (caller) chooses an ID when making a call.  The ID remains valid in
+# caller -> callee messages until a Finish message is sent, and remains valid in callee -> caller
+# messages until a Return message is sent.
+
+using AnswerId = QuestionId;
+# **(level 0)**
+#
+# Identifies an answer in the sender's answer table (which corresponds to the receiver's question
+# table).
+#
+# AnswerId is physically equivalent to QuestionId, since the question and answer tables correspond,
+# but we define a separate type for documentation purposes:  we always use the type representing
+# the sender's point of view.
+
+using ExportId = UInt32;
+# **(level 1)**
+#
+# Identifies an exported capability or promise in the sender's export table (which corresponds
+# to the receiver's import table).  The exporter chooses an ID before sending a capability over the
+# wire.  If the capability is already in the table, the exporter should reuse the same ID.  If the
+# ID is a promise (as opposed to a settled capability), this must be indicated at the time the ID
+# is introduced (e.g. by using `senderPromise` instead of `senderHosted` in `CapDescriptor`); in
+# this case, the importer shall expect a later `Resolve` message that replaces the promise.
+#
+# ExportId/ImportIds are subject to reference counting.  Whenever an `ExportId` is sent over the
+# wire (from the exporter to the importer), the export's reference count is incremented (unless
+# otherwise specified).  The reference count is later decremented by a `Release` message.  Since
+# the `Release` message can specify an arbitrary number by which to reduce the reference count, the
+# importer should usually batch reference decrements and only send a `Release` when it believes the
+# reference count has hit zero.  Of course, it is possible that a new reference to the export is
+# in-flight at the time that the `Release` message is sent, so it is necessary for the exporter to
+# keep track of the reference count on its end as well to avoid race conditions.
+#
+# When a connection is lost, all exports are implicitly released.  It is not possible to restore
+# a connection state after disconnect (although a transport layer could implement a concept of
+# persistent connections if it is transparent to the RPC layer).
+
+using ImportId = ExportId;
+# **(level 1)**
+#
+# Identifies an imported capability or promise in the sender's import table (which corresponds to
+# the receiver's export table).
+#
+# ImportId is physically equivalent to ExportId, since the export and import tables correspond,
+# but we define a separate type for documentation purposes:  we always use the type representing
+# the sender's point of view.
+#
+# An `ImportId` remains valid in importer -> exporter messages until the importer has sent
+# `Release` messages that (it believes) have reduced the reference count to zero.
+
+# ========================================================================================
+# Messages
+
+struct Message {
+  # An RPC connection is a bi-directional stream of Messages.
+
+  union {
+    unimplemented @0 :Message;
+    # The sender previously received this message from the peer but didn't understand it or doesn't
+    # yet implement the functionality that was requested.  So, the sender is echoing the message
+    # back.  In some cases, the receiver may be able to recover from this by pretending the sender
+    # had taken some appropriate "null" action.
+    #
+    # For example, say `resolve` is received by a level 0 implementation (because a previous call
+    # or return happened to contain a promise).  The level 0 implementation will echo it back as
+    # `unimplemented`.  The original sender can then simply release the cap to which the promise
+    # had resolved, thus avoiding a leak.
+    #
+    # For any message type that introduces a question, if the message comes back unimplemented,
+    # the original sender may simply treat it as if the question failed with an exception.
+    #
+    # In cases where there is no sensible way to react to an `unimplemented` message (without
+    # resource leaks or other serious problems), the connection may need to be aborted.  This is
+    # a gray area; different implementations may take different approaches.
+
+    abort @1 :Exception;
+    # Sent when a connection is being aborted due to an unrecoverable error.  This could be e.g.
+    # because the sender received an invalid or nonsensical message or because the sender had an
+    # internal error.  The sender will shut down the outgoing half of the connection after `abort`
+    # and will completely close the connection shortly thereafter (it's up to the sender how much
+    # of a time buffer they want to offer for the client to receive the `abort` before the
+    # connection is reset).
+
+    # Level 0 features -----------------------------------------------
+
+    bootstrap @8 :Bootstrap;  # Request the peer's bootstrap interface.
+    call @2 :Call;            # Begin a method call.
+    return @3 :Return;        # Complete a method call.
+    finish @4 :Finish;        # Release a returned answer / cancel a call.
+
+    # Level 1 features -----------------------------------------------
+
+    resolve @5 :Resolve;   # Resolve a previously-sent promise.
+    release @6 :Release;   # Release a capability so that the remote object can be deallocated.
+    disembargo @13 :Disembargo;  # Lift an embargo used to enforce E-order over promise resolution.
+
+    # Level 2 features -----------------------------------------------
+
+    obsoleteSave @7 :AnyPointer;
+    # Obsolete request to save a capability, resulting in a SturdyRef. This has been replaced
+    # by the `Persistent` interface defined in `persistent.capnp`. This operation was never
+    # implemented.
+
+    obsoleteDelete @9 :AnyPointer;
+    # Obsolete way to delete a SturdyRef. This operation was never implemented.
+
+    # Level 3 features -----------------------------------------------
+
+    provide @10 :Provide;  # Provide a capability to a third party.
+    accept @11 :Accept;    # Accept a capability provided by a third party.
+
+    # Level 4 features -----------------------------------------------
+
+    join @12 :Join;        # Directly connect to the common root of two or more proxied caps.
+  }
+}
+
+# Level 0 message types ----------------------------------------------
+
+struct Bootstrap {
+  # **(level 0)**
+  #
+  # Get the "bootstrap" interface exported by the remote vat.
+  #
+  # For level 0, 1, and 2 implementations, the "bootstrap" interface is simply the main interface
+  # exported by a vat. If the vat acts as a server fielding connections from clients, then the
+  # bootstrap interface defines the basic functionality available to a client when it connects.
+  # The exact interface definition obviously depends on the application.
+  #
+  # We call this a "bootstrap" because in an ideal Cap'n Proto world, bootstrap interfaces would
+  # never be used. In such a world, any time you connect to a new vat, you do so because you
+  # received an introduction from some other vat (see `ThirdPartyCapId`). Thus, the first message
+  # you send is `Accept`, and further communications derive from there. `Bootstrap` is not used.
+  #
+  # In such an ideal world, DNS itself would support Cap'n Proto -- performing a DNS lookup would
+  # actually return a new Cap'n Proto capability, thus introducing you to the target system via
+  # level 3 RPC. Applications would receive the capability to talk to DNS in the first place as
+  # an initial endowment or part of a Powerbox interaction. Therefore, an app can form arbitrary
+  # connections without ever using `Bootstrap`.
+  #
+  # Of course, in the real world, DNS is not Cap'n-Proto-based, and we don't want Cap'n Proto to
+  # require a whole new internet infrastructure to be useful. Therefore, we offer bootstrap
+  # interfaces as a way to get up and running without a level 3 introduction. Thus, bootstrap
+  # interfaces are used to "bootstrap" from other, non-Cap'n-Proto-based means of service discovery,
+  # such as legacy DNS.
+  #
+  # Note that a vat need not provide a bootstrap interface, and in fact many vats (especially those
+  # acting as clients) do not. In this case, the vat should either reply to `Bootstrap` with a
+  # `Return` indicating an exception, or should return a dummy capability with no methods.
+
+  questionId @0 :QuestionId;
+  # A new question ID identifying this request, which will eventually receive a Return message
+  # containing the restored capability.
+
+  deprecatedObjectId @1 :AnyPointer;
+  # ** DEPRECATED **
+  #
+  # A Vat may export multiple bootstrap interfaces. In this case, `deprecatedObjectId` specifies
+  # which one to return. If this pointer is null, then the default bootstrap interface is returned.
+  #
+  # As of verison 0.5, use of this field is deprecated. If a service wants to export multiple
+  # bootstrap interfaces, it should instead define a single bootstrap interface that has methods
+  # that return each of the other interfaces.
+  #
+  # **History**
+  #
+  # In the first version of Cap'n Proto RPC (0.4.x) the `Bootstrap` message was called `Restore`.
+  # At the time, it was thought that this would eventually serve as the way to restore SturdyRefs
+  # (level 2). Meanwhile, an application could offer its "main" interface on a well-known
+  # (non-secret) SturdyRef.
+  #
+  # Since level 2 RPC was not implemented at the time, the `Restore` message was in practice only
+  # used to obtain the main interface. Since most applications had only one main interface that
+  # they wanted to restore, they tended to designate this with a null `objectId`.
+  #
+  # Unfortunately, the earliest version of the EZ RPC interfaces set a precedent of exporting
+  # multiple main interfaces by allowing them to be exported under string names. In this case,
+  # `objectId` was a Text value specifying the name.
+  #
+  # All of this proved problematic for several reasons:
+  #
+  # - The arrangement assumed that a client wishing to restore a SturdyRef would know exactly what
+  #   machine to connect to and would be able to immediately restore a SturdyRef on connection.
+  #   However, in practice, the ability to restore SturdyRefs is itself a capability that may
+  #   require going through an authentication process to obtain. Thus, it makes more sense to
+  #   define a "restorer service" as a full Cap'n Proto interface. If this restorer interface is
+  #   offered as the vat's bootstrap interface, then this is equivalent to the old arrangement.
+  #
+  # - Overloading "Restore" for the purpose of obtaining well-known capabilities encouraged the
+  #   practice of exporting singleton services with string names. If singleton services are desired,
+  #   it is better to have one main interface that has methods that can be used to obtain each
+  #   service, in order to get all the usual benefits of schemas and type checking.
+  #
+  # - Overloading "Restore" also had a security problem: Often, "main" or "well-known"
+  #   capabilities exported by a vat are in fact not public: they are intended to be accessed only
+  #   by clients who are capable of forming a connection to the vat. This can lead to trouble if
+  #   the client itself has other clients and wishes to foward some `Restore` requests from those
+  #   external clients -- it has to be very careful not to allow through `Restore` requests
+  #   addressing the default capability.
+  #
+  #   For example, consider the case of a sandboxed Sandstorm application and its supervisor. The
+  #   application exports a default capability to its supervisor that provides access to
+  #   functionality that only the supervisor is supposed to access. Meanwhile, though, applications
+  #   may publish other capabilities that may be persistent, in which case the application needs
+  #   to field `Restore` requests that could come from anywhere. These requests of course have to
+  #   pass through the supervisor, as all communications with the outside world must. But, the
+  #   supervisor has to be careful not to honor an external request addressing the application's
+  #   default capability, since this capability is privileged. Unfortunately, the default
+  #   capability cannot be given an unguessable name, because then the supervisor itself would not
+  #   be able to address it!
+  #
+  # As of Cap'n Proto 0.5, `Restore` has been renamed to `Bootstrap` and is no longer planned for
+  # use in restoring SturdyRefs.
+  #
+  # Note that 0.4 also defined a message type called `Delete` that, like `Restore`, addressed a
+  # SturdyRef, but indicated that the client would not restore the ref again in the future. This
+  # operation was never implemented, so it was removed entirely. If a "delete" operation is desired,
+  # it should exist as a method on the same interface that handles restoring SturdyRefs. However,
+  # the utility of such an operation is questionable. You wouldn't be able to rely on it for
+  # garbage collection since a client could always disappear permanently without remembering to
+  # delete all its SturdyRefs, thus leaving them dangling forever. Therefore, it is advisable to
+  # design systems such that SturdyRefs never represent "owned" pointers.
+  #
+  # For example, say a SturdyRef points to an image file hosted on some server. That image file
+  # should also live inside a collection (a gallery, perhaps) hosted on the same server, owned by
+  # a user who can delete the image at any time. If the user deletes the image, the SturdyRef
+  # stops working. On the other hand, if the SturdyRef is discarded, this has no effect on the
+  # existence of the image in its collection.
+}
+
+struct Call {
+  # **(level 0)**
+  #
+  # Message type initiating a method call on a capability.
+
+  questionId @0 :QuestionId;
+  # A number, chosen by the caller, that identifies this call in future messages.  This number
+  # must be different from all other calls originating from the same end of the connection (but
+  # may overlap with question IDs originating from the opposite end).  A fine strategy is to use
+  # sequential question IDs, but the recipient should not assume this.
+  #
+  # A question ID can be reused once both:
+  # - A matching Return has been received from the callee.
+  # - A matching Finish has been sent from the caller.
+
+  target @1 :MessageTarget;
+  # The object that should receive this call.
+
+  interfaceId @2 :UInt64;
+  # The type ID of the interface being called.  Each capability may implement multiple interfaces.
+
+  methodId @3 :UInt16;
+  # The ordinal number of the method to call within the requested interface.
+
+  allowThirdPartyTailCall @8 :Bool = false;
+  # Indicates whether or not the receiver is allowed to send a `Return` containing
+  # `acceptFromThirdParty`.  Level 3 implementations should set this true.  Otherwise, the callee
+  # will have to proxy the return in the case of a tail call to a third-party vat.
+
+  params @4 :Payload;
+  # The call parameters.  `params.content` is a struct whose fields correspond to the parameters of
+  # the method.
+
+  sendResultsTo :union {
+    # Where should the return message be sent?
+
+    caller @5 :Void;
+    # Send the return message back to the caller (the usual).
+
+    yourself @6 :Void;
+    # **(level 1)**
+    #
+    # Don't actually return the results to the sender.  Instead, hold on to them and await
+    # instructions from the sender regarding what to do with them.  In particular, the sender
+    # may subsequently send a `Return` for some other call (which the receiver had previously made
+    # to the sender) with `takeFromOtherQuestion` set.  The results from this call are then used
+    # as the results of the other call.
+    #
+    # When `yourself` is used, the receiver must still send a `Return` for the call, but sets the
+    # field `resultsSentElsewhere` in that `Return` rather than including the results.
+    #
+    # This feature can be used to implement tail calls in which a call from Vat A to Vat B ends up
+    # returning the result of a call from Vat B back to Vat A.
+    #
+    # In particular, the most common use case for this feature is when Vat A makes a call to a
+    # promise in Vat B, and then that promise ends up resolving to a capability back in Vat A.
+    # Vat B must forward all the queued calls on that promise back to Vat A, but can set `yourself`
+    # in the calls so that the results need not pass back through Vat B.
+    #
+    # For example:
+    # - Alice, in Vat A, calls foo() on Bob in Vat B.
+    # - Alice makes a pipelined call bar() on the promise returned by foo().
+    # - Later on, Bob resolves the promise from foo() to point at Carol, who lives in Vat A (next
+    #   to Alice).
+    # - Vat B dutifully forwards the bar() call to Carol.  Let us call this forwarded call bar'().
+    #   Notice that bar() and bar'() are travelling in opposite directions on the same network
+    #   link.
+    # - The `Call` for bar'() has `sendResultsTo` set to `yourself`.
+    # - Vat B sends a `Return` for bar() with `takeFromOtherQuestion` set in place of the results,
+    #   with the value set to the question ID of bar'().  Vat B does not wait for bar'() to return,
+    #   as doing so would introduce unnecessary round trip latency.
+    # - Vat A receives bar'() and delivers it to Carol.
+    # - When bar'() returns, Vat A sends a `Return` for bar'() to Vat B, with `resultsSentElsewhere`
+    #   set in place of results.
+    # - Vat A sends a `Finish` for the bar() call to Vat B.
+    # - Vat B receives the `Finish` for bar() and sends a `Finish` for bar'().
+
+    thirdParty @7 :RecipientId;
+    # **(level 3)**
+    #
+    # The call's result should be returned to a different vat.  The receiver (the callee) expects
+    # to receive an `Accept` message from the indicated vat, and should return the call's result
+    # to it, rather than to the sender of the `Call`.
+    #
+    # This operates much like `yourself`, above, except that Carol is in a separate Vat C.  `Call`
+    # messages are sent from Vat A -> Vat B and Vat B -> Vat C.  A `Return` message is sent from
+    # Vat B -> Vat A that contains `acceptFromThirdParty` in place of results.  When Vat A sends
+    # an `Accept` to Vat C, it receives back a `Return` containing the call's actual result.  Vat C
+    # also sends a `Return` to Vat B with `resultsSentElsewhere`.
+  }
+}
+
+struct Return {
+  # **(level 0)**
+  #
+  # Message type sent from callee to caller indicating that the call has completed.
+
+  answerId @0 :AnswerId;
+  # Equal to the QuestionId of the corresponding `Call` message.
+
+  releaseParamCaps @1 :Bool = true;
+  # If true, all capabilities that were in the params should be considered released.  The sender
+  # must not send separate `Release` messages for them.  Level 0 implementations in particular
+  # should always set this true.  This defaults true because if level 0 implementations forget to
+  # set it they'll never notice (just silently leak caps), but if level >=1 implementations forget
+  # to set it to false they'll quickly get errors.
+  #
+  # The receiver should act as if the sender had sent a release message with count=1 for each
+  # CapDescriptor in the original Call message.
+
+  union {
+    results @2 :Payload;
+    # The result.
+    #
+    # For regular method calls, `results.content` points to the result struct.
+    #
+    # For a `Return` in response to an `Accept` or `Bootstrap`, `results` contains a single
+    # capability (rather than a struct), and `results.content` is just a capability pointer with
+    # index 0.  A `Finish` is still required in this case.
+
+    exception @3 :Exception;
+    # Indicates that the call failed and explains why.
+
+    canceled @4 :Void;
+    # Indicates that the call was canceled due to the caller sending a Finish message
+    # before the call had completed.
+
+    resultsSentElsewhere @5 :Void;
+    # This is set when returning from a `Call` that had `sendResultsTo` set to something other
+    # than `caller`.
+    #
+    # It doesn't matter too much when this is sent, as the receiver doesn't need to do anything
+    # with it, but the C++ implementation appears to wait for the call to finish before sending
+    # this.
+
+    takeFromOtherQuestion @6 :QuestionId;
+    # The sender has also sent (before this message) a `Call` with the given question ID and with
+    # `sendResultsTo.yourself` set, and the results of that other call should be used as the
+    # results here.  `takeFromOtherQuestion` can only used once per question.
+
+    acceptFromThirdParty @7 :ThirdPartyCapId;
+    # **(level 3)**
+    #
+    # The caller should contact a third-party vat to pick up the results.  An `Accept` message
+    # sent to the vat will return the result.  This pairs with `Call.sendResultsTo.thirdParty`.
+    # It should only be used if the corresponding `Call` had `allowThirdPartyTailCall` set.
+  }
+}
+
+struct Finish {
+  # **(level 0)**
+  #
+  # Message type sent from the caller to the callee to indicate:
+  # 1) The questionId will no longer be used in any messages sent by the callee (no further
+  #    pipelined requests).
+  # 2) If the call has not returned yet, the caller no longer cares about the result.  If nothing
+  #    else cares about the result either (e.g. there are no other outstanding calls pipelined on
+  #    the result of this one) then the callee may wish to immediately cancel the operation and
+  #    send back a Return message with "canceled" set.  However, implementations are not required
+  #    to support premature cancellation -- instead, the implementation may wait until the call
+  #    actually completes and send a normal `Return` message.
+  #
+  # TODO(someday): Should we separate (1) and implicitly releasing result capabilities?  It would be
+  #   possible and useful to notify the server that it doesn't need to keep around the response to
+  #   service pipeline requests even though the caller still wants to receive it / hasn't yet
+  #   finished processing it.  It could also be useful to notify the server that it need not marshal
+  #   the results because the caller doesn't want them anyway, even if the caller is still sending
+  #   pipelined calls, although this seems less useful (just saving some bytes on the wire).
+
+  questionId @0 :QuestionId;
+  # ID of the call whose result is to be released.
+
+  releaseResultCaps @1 :Bool = true;
+  # If true, all capabilities that were in the results should be considered released.  The sender
+  # must not send separate `Release` messages for them.  Level 0 implementations in particular
+  # should always set this true.  This defaults true because if level 0 implementations forget to
+  # set it they'll never notice (just silently leak caps), but if level >=1 implementations forget
+  # set it false they'll quickly get errors.
+}
+
+# Level 1 message types ----------------------------------------------
+
+struct Resolve {
+  # **(level 1)**
+  #
+  # Message type sent to indicate that a previously-sent promise has now been resolved to some other
+  # object (possibly another promise) -- or broken, or canceled.
+  #
+  # Keep in mind that it's possible for a `Resolve` to be sent to a level 0 implementation that
+  # doesn't implement it.  For example, a method call or return might contain a capability in the
+  # payload.  Normally this is fine even if the receiver is level 0, because they will implicitly
+  # release all such capabilities on return / finish.  But if the cap happens to be a promise, then
+  # a follow-up `Resolve` may be sent regardless of this release.  The level 0 receiver will reply
+  # with an `unimplemented` message, and the sender (of the `Resolve`) can respond to this as if the
+  # receiver had immediately released any capability to which the promise resolved.
+  #
+  # When implementing promise resolution, it's important to understand how embargos work and the
+  # tricky case of the Tribble 4-way race condition. See the comments for the Disembargo message,
+  # below.
+
+  promiseId @0 :ExportId;
+  # The ID of the promise to be resolved.
+  #
+  # Unlike all other instances of `ExportId` sent from the exporter, the `Resolve` message does
+  # _not_ increase the reference count of `promiseId`.  In fact, it is expected that the receiver
+  # will release the export soon after receiving `Resolve`, and the sender will not send this
+  # `ExportId` again until it has been released and recycled.
+  #
+  # When an export ID sent over the wire (e.g. in a `CapDescriptor`) is indicated to be a promise,
+  # this indicates that the sender will follow up at some point with a `Resolve` message.  If the
+  # same `promiseId` is sent again before `Resolve`, still only one `Resolve` is sent.  If the
+  # same ID is sent again later _after_ a `Resolve`, it can only be because the export's
+  # reference count hit zero in the meantime and the ID was re-assigned to a new export, therefore
+  # this later promise does _not_ correspond to the earlier `Resolve`.
+  #
+  # If a promise ID's reference count reaches zero before a `Resolve` is sent, the `Resolve`
+  # message may or may not still be sent (the `Resolve` may have already been in-flight when
+  # `Release` was sent, but if the `Release` is received before `Resolve` then there is no longer
+  # any reason to send a `Resolve`).  Thus a `Resolve` may be received for a promise of which
+  # the receiver has no knowledge, because it already released it earlier.  In this case, the
+  # receiver should simply release the capability to which the promise resolved.
+
+  union {
+    cap @1 :CapDescriptor;
+    # The object to which the promise resolved.
+    #
+    # The sender promises that from this point forth, until `promiseId` is released, it shall
+    # simply forward all messages to the capability designated by `cap`.  This is true even if
+    # `cap` itself happens to desigate another promise, and that other promise later resolves --
+    # messages sent to `promiseId` shall still go to that other promise, not to its resolution.
+    # This is important in the case that the receiver of the `Resolve` ends up sending a
+    # `Disembargo` message towards `promiseId` in order to control message ordering -- that
+    # `Disembargo` really needs to reflect back to exactly the object designated by `cap` even
+    # if that object is itself a promise.
+
+    exception @2 :Exception;
+    # Indicates that the promise was broken.
+  }
+}
+
+struct Release {
+  # **(level 1)**
+  #
+  # Message type sent to indicate that the sender is done with the given capability and the receiver
+  # can free resources allocated to it.
+
+  id @0 :ImportId;
+  # What to release.
+
+  referenceCount @1 :UInt32;
+  # The amount by which to decrement the reference count.  The export is only actually released
+  # when the reference count reaches zero.
+}
+
+struct Disembargo {
+  # **(level 1)**
+  #
+  # Message sent to indicate that an embargo on a recently-resolved promise may now be lifted.
+  #
+  # Embargos are used to enforce E-order in the presence of promise resolution.  That is, if an
+  # application makes two calls foo() and bar() on the same capability reference, in that order,
+  # the calls should be delivered in the order in which they were made.  But if foo() is called
+  # on a promise, and that promise happens to resolve before bar() is called, then the two calls
+  # may travel different paths over the network, and thus could arrive in the wrong order.  In
+  # this case, the call to `bar()` must be embargoed, and a `Disembargo` message must be sent along
+  # the same path as `foo()` to ensure that the `Disembargo` arrives after `foo()`.  Once the
+  # `Disembargo` arrives, `bar()` can then be delivered.
+  #
+  # There are two particular cases where embargos are important.  Consider object Alice, in Vat A,
+  # who holds a promise P, pointing towards Vat B, that eventually resolves to Carol.  The two
+  # cases are:
+  # - Carol lives in Vat A, i.e. next to Alice.  In this case, Vat A needs to send a `Disembargo`
+  #   message that echos through Vat B and back, to ensure that all pipelined calls on the promise
+  #   have been delivered.
+  # - Carol lives in a different Vat C.  When the promise resolves, a three-party handoff occurs
+  #   (see `Provide` and `Accept`, which constitute level 3 of the protocol).  In this case, we
+  #   piggyback on the state that has already been set up to handle the handoff:  the `Accept`
+  #   message (from Vat A to Vat C) is embargoed, as are all pipelined messages sent to it, while
+  #   a `Disembargo` message is sent from Vat A through Vat B to Vat C.  See `Accept.embargo` for
+  #   an example.
+  #
+  # Note that in the case where Carol actually lives in Vat B (i.e., the same vat that the promise
+  # already pointed at), no embargo is needed, because the pipelined calls are delivered over the
+  # same path as the later direct calls.
+  #
+  # Keep in mind that promise resolution happens both in the form of Resolve messages as well as
+  # Return messages (which resolve PromisedAnswers). Embargos apply in both cases.
+  #
+  # An alternative strategy for enforcing E-order over promise resolution could be for Vat A to
+  # implement the embargo internally.  When Vat A is notified of promise resolution, it could
+  # send a dummy no-op call to promise P and wait for it to complete.  Until that call completes,
+  # all calls to the capability are queued locally.  This strategy works, but is pessimistic:
+  # in the three-party case, it requires an A -> B -> C -> B -> A round trip before calls can start
+  # being delivered directly to from Vat A to Vat C.  The `Disembargo` message allows latency to be
+  # reduced.  (In the two-party loopback case, the `Disembargo` message is just a more explicit way
+  # of accomplishing the same thing as a no-op call, but isn't any faster.)
+  #
+  # *The Tribble 4-way Race Condition*
+  #
+  # Any implementation of promise resolution and embargos must be aware of what we call the
+  # "Tribble 4-way race condition", after Dean Tribble, who explained the problem in a lively
+  # Friam meeting.
+  #
+  # Embargos are designed to work in the case where a two-hop path is being shortened to one hop.
+  # But sometimes there are more hops. Imagine that Alice has a reference to a remote promise P1
+  # that eventually resolves to _another_ remote promise P2 (in a third vat), which _at the same
+  # time_ happens to resolve to Bob (in a fourth vat). In this case, we're shortening from a 3-hop
+  # path (with four parties) to a 1-hop path (Alice -> Bob).
+  #
+  # Extending the embargo/disembargo protocol to be able to shorted multiple hops at once seems
+  # difficult. Instead, we make a rule that prevents this case from coming up:
+  #
+  # One a promise P has been resolved to a remote object reference R, then all further messages
+  # received addressed to P will be forwarded strictly to R. Even if it turns out later that R is
+  # itself a promise, and has resolved to some other object Q, messages sent to P will still be
+  # forwarded to R, not directly to Q (R will of course further forward the messages to Q).
+  #
+  # This rule does not cause a significant performance burden because once P has resolved to R, it
+  # is expected that people sending messages to P will shortly start sending them to R instead and
+  # drop P. P is at end-of-life anyway, so it doesn't matter if it ignores chances to further
+  # optimize its path.
+
+  target @0 :MessageTarget;
+  # What is to be disembargoed.
+
+  using EmbargoId = UInt32;
+  # Used in `senderLoopback` and `receiverLoopback`, below.
+
+  context :union {
+    senderLoopback @1 :EmbargoId;
+    # The sender is requesting a disembargo on a promise that is known to resolve back to a
+    # capability hosted by the sender.  As soon as the receiver has echoed back all pipelined calls
+    # on this promise, it will deliver the Disembargo back to the sender with `receiverLoopback`
+    # set to the same value as `senderLoopback`.  This value is chosen by the sender, and since
+    # it is also consumed be the sender, the sender can use whatever strategy it wants to make sure
+    # the value is unambiguous.
+    #
+    # The receiver must verify that the target capability actually resolves back to the sender's
+    # vat.  Otherwise, the sender has committed a protocol error and should be disconnected.
+
+    receiverLoopback @2 :EmbargoId;
+    # The receiver previously sent a `senderLoopback` Disembargo towards a promise resolving to
+    # this capability, and that Disembargo is now being echoed back.
+
+    accept @3 :Void;
+    # **(level 3)**
+    #
+    # The sender is requesting a disembargo on a promise that is known to resolve to a third-party
+    # capability that the sender is currently in the process of accepting (using `Accept`).
+    # The receiver of this `Disembargo` has an outstanding `Provide` on said capability.  The
+    # receiver should now send a `Disembargo` with `provide` set to the question ID of that
+    # `Provide` message.
+    #
+    # See `Accept.embargo` for an example.
+
+    provide @4 :QuestionId;
+    # **(level 3)**
+    #
+    # The sender is requesting a disembargo on a capability currently being provided to a third
+    # party.  The question ID identifies the `Provide` message previously sent by the sender to
+    # this capability.  On receipt, the receiver (the capability host) shall release the embargo
+    # on the `Accept` message that it has received from the third party.  See `Accept.embargo` for
+    # an example.
+  }
+}
+
+# Level 2 message types ----------------------------------------------
+
+# See persistent.capnp.
+
+# Level 3 message types ----------------------------------------------
+
+struct Provide {
+  # **(level 3)**
+  #
+  # Message type sent to indicate that the sender wishes to make a particular capability implemented
+  # by the receiver available to a third party for direct access (without the need for the third
+  # party to proxy through the sender).
+  #
+  # (In CapTP, `Provide` and `Accept` are methods of the global `NonceLocator` object exported by
+  # every vat.  In Cap'n Proto, we bake this into the core protocol.)
+
+  questionId @0 :QuestionId;
+  # Question ID to be held open until the recipient has received the capability.  A result will be
+  # returned once the third party has successfully received the capability.  The sender must at some
+  # point send a `Finish` message as with any other call, and that message can be used to cancel the
+  # whole operation.
+
+  target @1 :MessageTarget;
+  # What is to be provided to the third party.
+
+  recipient @2 :RecipientId;
+  # Identity of the third party that is expected to pick up the capability.
+}
+
+struct Accept {
+  # **(level 3)**
+  #
+  # Message type sent to pick up a capability hosted by the receiving vat and provided by a third
+  # party.  The third party previously designated the capability using `Provide`.
+  #
+  # This message is also used to pick up a redirected return -- see `Return.acceptFromThirdParty`.
+
+  questionId @0 :QuestionId;
+  # A new question ID identifying this accept message, which will eventually receive a Return
+  # message containing the provided capability (or the call result in the case of a redirected
+  # return).
+
+  provision @1 :ProvisionId;
+  # Identifies the provided object to be picked up.
+
+  embargo @2 :Bool;
+  # If true, this accept shall be temporarily embargoed.  The resulting `Return` will not be sent,
+  # and any pipelined calls will not be delivered, until the embargo is released.  The receiver
+  # (the capability host) will expect the provider (the vat that sent the `Provide` message) to
+  # eventually send a `Disembargo` message with the field `context.provide` set to the question ID
+  # of the original `Provide` message.  At that point, the embargo is released and the queued
+  # messages are delivered.
+  #
+  # For example:
+  # - Alice, in Vat A, holds a promise P, which currently points toward Vat B.
+  # - Alice calls foo() on P.  The `Call` message is sent to Vat B.
+  # - The promise P in Vat B ends up resolving to Carol, in Vat C.
+  # - Vat B sends a `Provide` message to Vat C, identifying Vat A as the recipient.
+  # - Vat B sends a `Resolve` message to Vat A, indicating that the promise has resolved to a
+  #   `ThirdPartyCapId` identifying Carol in Vat C.
+  # - Vat A sends an `Accept` message to Vat C to pick up the capability.  Since Vat A knows that
+  #   it has an outstanding call to the promise, it sets `embargo` to `true` in the `Accept`
+  #   message.
+  # - Vat A sends a `Disembargo` message to Vat B on promise P, with `context.accept` set.
+  # - Alice makes a call bar() to promise P, which is now pointing towards Vat C.  Alice doesn't
+  #   know anything about the mechanics of promise resolution happening under the hood, but she
+  #   expects that bar() will be delivered after foo() because that is the order in which she
+  #   initiated the calls.
+  # - Vat A sends the bar() call to Vat C, as a pipelined call on the result of the `Accept` (which
+  #   hasn't returned yet, due to the embargo).  Since calls to the newly-accepted capability
+  #   are embargoed, Vat C does not deliver the call yet.
+  # - At some point, Vat B forwards the foo() call from the beginning of this example on to Vat C.
+  # - Vat B forwards the `Disembargo` from Vat A on to vat C.  It sets `context.provide` to the
+  #   question ID of the `Provide` message it had sent previously.
+  # - Vat C receives foo() before `Disembargo`, thus allowing it to correctly deliver foo()
+  #   before delivering bar().
+  # - Vat C receives `Disembargo` from Vat B.  It can now send a `Return` for the `Accept` from
+  #   Vat A, as well as deliver bar().
+}
+
+# Level 4 message types ----------------------------------------------
+
+struct Join {
+  # **(level 4)**
+  #
+  # Message type sent to implement E.join(), which, given a number of capabilities that are
+  # expected to be equivalent, finds the underlying object upon which they all agree and forms a
+  # direct connection to it, skipping any proxies that may have been constructed by other vats
+  # while transmitting the capability.  See:
+  #     http://erights.org/elib/equality/index.html
+  #
+  # Note that this should only serve to bypass fully-transparent proxies -- proxies that were
+  # created merely for convenience, without any intention of hiding the underlying object.
+  #
+  # For example, say Bob holds two capabilities hosted by Alice and Carol, but he expects that both
+  # are simply proxies for a capability hosted elsewhere.  He then issues a join request, which
+  # operates as follows:
+  # - Bob issues Join requests on both Alice and Carol.  Each request contains a different piece
+  #   of the JoinKey.
+  # - Alice is proxying a capability hosted by Dana, so forwards the request to Dana's cap.
+  # - Dana receives the first request and sees that the JoinKeyPart is one of two.  She notes that
+  #   she doesn't have the other part yet, so she records the request and responds with a
+  #   JoinResult.
+  # - Alice relays the JoinAswer back to Bob.
+  # - Carol is also proxying a capability from Dana, and so forwards her Join request to Dana as
+  #   well.
+  # - Dana receives Carol's request and notes that she now has both parts of a JoinKey.  She
+  #   combines them in order to form information needed to form a secure connection to Bob.  She
+  #   also responds with another JoinResult.
+  # - Bob receives the responses from Alice and Carol.  He uses the returned JoinResults to
+  #   determine how to connect to Dana and attempts to form the connection.  Since Bob and Dana now
+  #   agree on a secret key that neither Alice nor Carol ever saw, this connection can be made
+  #   securely even if Alice or Carol is conspiring against the other.  (If Alice and Carol are
+  #   conspiring _together_, they can obviously reproduce the key, but this doesn't matter because
+  #   the whole point of the join is to verify that Alice and Carol agree on what capability they
+  #   are proxying.)
+  #
+  # If the two capabilities aren't actually proxies of the same object, then the join requests
+  # will come back with conflicting `hostId`s and the join will fail before attempting to form any
+  # connection.
+
+  questionId @0 :QuestionId;
+  # Question ID used to respond to this Join.  (Note that this ID only identifies one part of the
+  # request for one hop; each part has a different ID and relayed copies of the request have
+  # (probably) different IDs still.)
+  #
+  # The receiver will reply with a `Return` whose `results` is a JoinResult.  This `JoinResult`
+  # is relayed from the joined object's host, possibly with transformation applied as needed
+  # by the network.
+  #
+  # Like any return, the result must be released using a `Finish`.  However, this release
+  # should not occur until the joiner has either successfully connected to the joined object.
+  # Vats relaying a `Join` message similarly must not release the result they receive until the
+  # return they relayed back towards the joiner has itself been released.  This allows the
+  # joined object's host to detect when the Join operation is canceled before completing -- if
+  # it receives a `Finish` for one of the join results before the joiner successfully
+  # connects.  It can then free any resources it had allocated as part of the join.
+
+  target @1 :MessageTarget;
+  # The capability to join.
+
+  keyPart @2 :JoinKeyPart;
+  # A part of the join key.  These combine to form the complete join key, which is used to establish
+  # a direct connection.
+
+  # TODO(before implementing):  Change this so that multiple parts can be sent in a single Join
+  # message, so that if multiple join parts are going to cross the same connection they can be sent
+  # together, so that the receive can potentially optimize its handling of them.  In the case where
+  # all parts are bundled together, should the recipient be expected to simply return a cap, so
+  # that the caller can immediately start pipelining to it?
+}
+
+# ========================================================================================
+# Common structures used in messages
+
+struct MessageTarget {
+  # The target of a `Call` or other messages that target a capability.
+
+  union {
+    importedCap @0 :ImportId;
+    # This message is to a capability or promise previously imported by the caller (exported by
+    # the receiver).
+
+    promisedAnswer @1 :PromisedAnswer;
+    # This message is to a capability that is expected to be returned by another call that has not
+    # yet been completed.
+    #
+    # At level 0, this is supported only for addressing the result of a previous `Bootstrap`, so
+    # that initial startup doesn't require a round trip.
+  }
+}
+
+struct Payload {
+  # Represents some data structure that might contain capabilities.
+
+  content @0 :AnyPointer;
+  # Some Cap'n Proto data structure.  Capability pointers embedded in this structure index into
+  # `capTable`.
+
+  capTable @1 :List(CapDescriptor);
+  # Descriptors corresponding to the cap pointers in `content`.
+}
+
+struct CapDescriptor {
+  # **(level 1)**
+  #
+  # When an application-defined type contains an interface pointer, that pointer contains an index
+  # into the message's capability table -- i.e. the `capTable` part of the `Payload`.  Each
+  # capability in the table is represented as a `CapDescriptor`.  The runtime API should not reveal
+  # the CapDescriptor directly to the application, but should instead wrap it in some kind of
+  # callable object with methods corresponding to the interface that the capability implements.
+  #
+  # Keep in mind that `ExportIds` in a `CapDescriptor` are subject to reference counting.  See the
+  # description of `ExportId`.
+  #
+  # Note that it is currently not possible to include a broken capability in the CapDescriptor
+  # table.  Instead, create a new export (`senderPromise`) for each broken capability and then
+  # immediately follow the payload-bearing Call or Return message with one Resolve message for each
+  # broken capability, resolving it to an exception.
+
+  union {
+    none @0 :Void;
+    # There is no capability here.  This `CapDescriptor` should not appear in the payload content.
+    # A `none` CapDescriptor can be generated when an application inserts a capability into a
+    # message and then later changes its mind and removes it -- rewriting all of the other
+    # capability pointers may be hard, so instead a tombstone is left, similar to the way a removed
+    # struct or list instance is zeroed out of the message but the space is not reclaimed.
+    # Hopefully this is unusual.
+
+    senderHosted @1 :ExportId;
+    # The ID of a capability in the sender's export table (receiver's import table).  It may be a
+    # newly allocated table entry, or an existing entry (increments the reference count).
+
+    senderPromise @2 :ExportId;
+    # A promise that the sender will resolve later.  The sender will send exactly one Resolve
+    # message at a future point in time to replace this promise.  Note that even if the same
+    # `senderPromise` is received multiple times, only one `Resolve` is sent to cover all of
+    # them.  If `senderPromise` is released before the `Resolve` is sent, the sender (of this
+    # `CapDescriptor`) may choose not to send the `Resolve` at all.
+
+    receiverHosted @3 :ImportId;
+    # A capability (or promise) previously exported by the receiver (imported by the sender).
+
+    receiverAnswer @4 :PromisedAnswer;
+    # A capability expected to be returned in the results of a currently-outstanding call posed
+    # by the sender.
+
+    thirdPartyHosted @5 :ThirdPartyCapDescriptor;
+    # **(level 3)**
+    #
+    # A capability that lives in neither the sender's nor the receiver's vat.  The sender needs
+    # to form a direct connection to a third party to pick up the capability.
+    #
+    # Level 1 and 2 implementations that receive a `thirdPartyHosted` may simply send calls to its
+    # `vine` instead.
+  }
+}
+
+struct PromisedAnswer {
+  # **(mostly level 1)**
+  #
+  # Specifies how to derive a promise from an unanswered question, by specifying the path of fields
+  # to follow from the root of the eventual result struct to get to the desired capability.  Used
+  # to address method calls to a not-yet-returned capability or to pass such a capability as an
+  # input to some other method call.
+  #
+  # Level 0 implementations must support `PromisedAnswer` only for the case where the answer is
+  # to a `Bootstrap` message.  In this case, `path` is always empty since `Bootstrap` always returns
+  # a raw capability.
+
+  questionId @0 :QuestionId;
+  # ID of the question (in the sender's question table / receiver's answer table) whose answer is
+  # expected to contain the capability.
+
+  transform @1 :List(Op);
+  # Operations / transformations to apply to the result in order to get the capability actually
+  # being addressed.  E.g. if the result is a struct and you want to call a method on a capability
+  # pointed to by a field of the struct, you need a `getPointerField` op.
+
+  struct Op {
+    union {
+      noop @0 :Void;
+      # Does nothing.  This member is mostly defined so that we can make `Op` a union even
+      # though (as of this writing) only one real operation is defined.
+
+      getPointerField @1 :UInt16;
+      # Get a pointer field within a struct.  The number is an index into the pointer section, NOT
+      # a field ordinal, so that the receiver does not need to understand the schema.
+
+      # TODO(someday):  We could add:
+      # - For lists, the ability to address every member of the list, or a slice of the list, the
+      #   result of which would be another list.  This is useful for implementing the equivalent of
+      #   a SQL table join (not to be confused with the `Join` message type).
+      # - Maybe some ability to test a union.
+      # - Probably not a good idea:  the ability to specify an arbitrary script to run on the
+      #   result.  We could define a little stack-based language where `Op` specifies one
+      #   "instruction" or transformation to apply.  Although this is not a good idea
+      #   (over-engineered), any narrower additions to `Op` should be designed as if this
+      #   were the eventual goal.
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct ThirdPartyCapDescriptor {
+  # **(level 3)**
+  #
+  # Identifies a capability in a third-party vat that the sender wants the receiver to pick up.
+
+  id @0 :ThirdPartyCapId;
+  # Identifies the third-party host and the specific capability to accept from it.
+
+  vineId @1 :ExportId;
+  # A proxy for the third-party object exported by the sender.  In CapTP terminology this is called
+  # a "vine", because it is an indirect reference to the third-party object that snakes through the
+  # sender vat.  This serves two purposes:
+  #
+  # * Level 1 and 2 implementations that don't understand how to connect to a third party may
+  #   simply send calls to the vine.  Such calls will be forwarded to the third-party by the
+  #   sender.
+  #
+  # * Level 3 implementations must release the vine only once they have successfully picked up the
+  #   object from the third party.  This ensures that the capability is not released by the sender
+  #   prematurely.
+  #
+  # The sender will close the `Provide` request that it has sent to the third party as soon as
+  # it receives either a `Call` or a `Release` message directed at the vine.
+}
+
+struct Exception {
+  # **(level 0)**
+  #
+  # Describes an arbitrary error that prevented an operation (e.g. a call) from completing.
+  #
+  # Cap'n Proto exceptions always indicate that something went wrong. In other words, in a fantasy
+  # world where everything always works as expected, no exceptions would ever be thrown. Clients
+  # should only ever catch exceptions as a means to implement fault-tolerance, where "fault" can
+  # mean:
+  # - Bugs.
+  # - Invalid input.
+  # - Configuration errors.
+  # - Network problems.
+  # - Insufficient resources.
+  # - Version skew (unimplemented functionality).
+  # - Other logistical problems.
+  #
+  # Exceptions should NOT be used to flag application-specific conditions that a client is expected
+  # to handle in an application-specific way. Put another way, in the Cap'n Proto world,
+  # "checked exceptions" (where an interface explicitly defines the exceptions it throws and
+  # clients are forced by the type system to handle those exceptions) do NOT make sense.
+
+  reason @0 :Text;
+  # Human-readable failure description.
+
+  type @3 :Type;
+  # The type of the error. The purpose of this enum is not to describe the error itself, but
+  # rather to describe how the client might want to respond to the error.
+
+  enum Type {
+    failed @0;
+    # A generic problem occurred, and it is believed that if the operation were repeated without
+    # any change in the state of the world, the problem would occur again.
+    #
+    # A client might respond to this error by logging it for investigation by the developer and/or
+    # displaying it to the user.
+
+    overloaded @1;
+    # The request was rejected due to a temporary lack of resources.
+    #
+    # Examples include:
+    # - There's not enough CPU time to keep up with incoming requests, so some are rejected.
+    # - The server ran out of RAM or disk space during the request.
+    # - The operation timed out (took significantly longer than it should have).
+    #
+    # A client might respond to this error by scheduling to retry the operation much later. The
+    # client should NOT retry again immediately since this would likely exacerbate the problem.
+
+    disconnected @2;
+    # The method failed because a connection to some necessary capability was lost.
+    #
+    # Examples include:
+    # - The client introduced the server to a third-party capability, the connection to that third
+    #   party was subsequently lost, and then the client requested that the server use the dead
+    #   capability for something.
+    # - The client previously requested that the server obtain a capability from some third party.
+    #   The server returned a capability to an object wrapping the third-party capability. Later,
+    #   the server's connection to the third party was lost.
+    # - The capability has been revoked. Revocation does not necessarily mean that the client is
+    #   no longer authorized to use the capability; it is often used simply as a way to force the
+    #   client to repeat the setup process, perhaps to efficiently move them to a new back-end or
+    #   get them to recognize some other change that has occurred.
+    #
+    # A client should normally respond to this error by releasing all capabilities it is currently
+    # holding related to the one it called and then re-creating them by restoring SturdyRefs and/or
+    # repeating the method calls used to create them originally. In other words, disconnect and
+    # start over. This should in turn cause the server to obtain a new copy of the capability that
+    # it lost, thus making everything work.
+    #
+    # If the client receives another `disconnencted` error in the process of rebuilding the
+    # capability and retrying the call, it should treat this as an `overloaded` error: the network
+    # is currently unreliable, possibly due to load or other temporary issues.
+
+    unimplemented @3;
+    # The server doesn't implement the requested method. If there is some other method that the
+    # client could call (perhaps an older and/or slower interface), it should try that instead.
+    # Otherwise, this should be treated like `failed`.
+  }
+
+  obsoleteIsCallersFault @1 :Bool;
+  # OBSOLETE. Ignore.
+
+  obsoleteDurability @2 :UInt16;
+  # OBSOLETE. See `type` instead.
+}
+
+# ========================================================================================
+# Network-specific Parameters
+#
+# Some parts of the Cap'n Proto RPC protocol are not specified here because different vat networks
+# may wish to use different approaches to solving them.  For example, on the public internet, you
+# may want to authenticate vats using public-key cryptography, but on a local intranet with trusted
+# infrastructure, you may be happy to authenticate based on network address only, or some other
+# lightweight mechanism.
+#
+# To accommodate this, we specify several "parameter" types.  Each type is defined here as an
+# alias for `AnyPointer`, but a specific network will want to define a specific set of types to use.
+# All vats in a vat network must agree on these parameters in order to be able to communicate.
+# Inter-network communication can be accomplished through "gateways" that perform translation
+# between the primitives used on each network; these gateways may need to be deeply stateful,
+# depending on the translations they perform.
+#
+# For interaction over the global internet between parties with no other prior arrangement, a
+# particular set of bindings for these types is defined elsewhere.  (TODO(someday): Specify where
+# these common definitions live.)
+#
+# Another common network type is the two-party network, in which one of the parties typically
+# interacts with the outside world entirely through the other party.  In such a connection between
+# Alice and Bob, all objects that exist on Bob's other networks appear to Alice as if they were
+# hosted by Bob himself, and similarly all objects on Alice's network (if she even has one) appear
+# to Bob as if they were hosted by Alice.  This network type is interesting because from the point
+# of view of a simple application that communicates with only one other party via the two-party
+# protocol, there are no three-party interactions at all, and joins are unusually simple to
+# implement, so implementing at level 4 is barely more complicated than implementing at level 1.
+# Moreover, if you pair an app implementing the two-party network with a container that implements
+# some other network, the app can then participate on the container's network just as if it
+# implemented that network directly.  The types used by the two-party network are defined in
+# `rpc-twoparty.capnp`.
+#
+# The things that we need to parameterize are:
+# - How to store capabilities long-term without holding a connection open (mostly level 2).
+# - How to authenticate vats in three-party introductions (level 3).
+# - How to implement `Join` (level 4).
+#
+# Persistent references
+# ---------------------
+#
+# **(mostly level 2)**
+#
+# We want to allow some capabilities to be stored long-term, even if a connection is lost and later
+# recreated.  ExportId is a short-term identifier that is specific to a connection, so it doesn't
+# help here.  We need a way to specify long-term identifiers, as well as a strategy for
+# reconnecting to a referenced capability later.
+#
+# Three-party interactions
+# ------------------------
+#
+# **(level 3)**
+#
+# In cases where more than two vats are interacting, we have situations where VatA holds a
+# capability hosted by VatB and wants to send that capability to VatC.  This can be accomplished
+# by VatA proxying requests on the new capability, but doing so has two big problems:
+# - It's inefficient, requiring an extra network hop.
+# - If VatC receives another capability to the same object from VatD, it is difficult for VatC to
+#   detect that the two capabilities are really the same and to implement the E "join" operation,
+#   which is necessary for certain four-or-more-party interactions, such as the escrow pattern.
+#   See:  http://www.erights.org/elib/equality/grant-matcher/index.html
+#
+# Instead, we want a way for VatC to form a direct, authenticated connection to VatB.
+#
+# Join
+# ----
+#
+# **(level 4)**
+#
+# The `Join` message type and corresponding operation arranges for a direct connection to be formed
+# between the joiner and the host of the joined object, and this connection must be authenticated.
+# Thus, the details are network-dependent.
+
+using SturdyRef = AnyPointer;
+# **(level 2)**
+#
+# Identifies a persisted capability that can be restored in the future. How exactly a SturdyRef
+# is restored to a live object is specified along with the SturdyRef definition (i.e. not by
+# rpc.capnp).
+#
+# Generally a SturdyRef needs to specify three things:
+# - How to reach the vat that can restore the ref (e.g. a hostname or IP address).
+# - How to authenticate the vat after connecting (e.g. a public key fingerprint).
+# - The identity of a specific object hosted by the vat. Generally, this is an opaque pointer whose
+#   format is defined by the specific vat -- the client has no need to inspect the object ID.
+#   It is important that the objec ID be unguessable if the object is not public (and objects
+#   should almost never be public).
+#
+# The above are only suggestions. Some networks might work differently. For example, a private
+# network might employ a special restorer service whose sole purpose is to restore SturdyRefs.
+# In this case, the entire contents of SturdyRef might be opaque, because they are intended only
+# to be forwarded to the restorer service.
+
+using ProvisionId = AnyPointer;
+# **(level 3)**
+#
+# The information that must be sent in an `Accept` message to identify the object being accepted.
+#
+# In a network where each vat has a public/private key pair, this could simply be the public key
+# fingerprint of the provider vat along with a nonce matching the one in the `RecipientId` used
+# in the `Provide` message sent from that provider.
+
+using RecipientId = AnyPointer;
+# **(level 3)**
+#
+# The information that must be sent in a `Provide` message to identify the recipient of the
+# capability.
+#
+# In a network where each vat has a public/private key pair, this could simply be the public key
+# fingerprint of the recipient along with a nonce matching the one in the `ProvisionId`.
+
+using ThirdPartyCapId = AnyPointer;
+# **(level 3)**
+#
+# The information needed to connect to a third party and accept a capability from it.
+#
+# In a network where each vat has a public/private key pair, this could be a combination of the
+# third party's public key fingerprint, hints on how to connect to the third party (e.g. an IP
+# address), and the nonce used in the corresponding `Provide` message's `RecipientId` as sent
+# to that third party (used to identify which capability to pick up).
+
+using JoinKeyPart = AnyPointer;
+# **(level 4)**
+#
+# A piece of a secret key.  One piece is sent along each path that is expected to lead to the same
+# place.  Once the pieces are combined, a direct connection may be formed between the sender and
+# the receiver, bypassing any men-in-the-middle along the paths.  See the `Join` message type.
+#
+# The motivation for Joins is discussed under "Supporting Equality" in the "Unibus" protocol
+# sketch: http://www.erights.org/elib/distrib/captp/unibus.html
+#
+# In a network where each vat has a public/private key pair and each vat forms no more than one
+# connection to each other vat, Joins will rarely -- perhaps never -- be needed, as objects never
+# need to be transparently proxied and references to the same object sent over the same connection
+# have the same export ID.  Thus, a successful join requires only checking that the two objects
+# come from the same connection and have the same ID, and then completes immediately.
+#
+# However, in networks where two vats may form more than one connection between each other, or
+# where proxying of objects occurs, joins are necessary.
+#
+# Typically, each JoinKeyPart would include a fixed-length data value such that all value parts
+# XOR'd together forms a shared secret that can be used to form an encrypted connection between
+# the joiner and the joined object's host.  Each JoinKeyPart should also include an indication of
+# how many parts to expect and a hash of the shared secret (used to match up parts).
+
+using JoinResult = AnyPointer;
+# **(level 4)**
+#
+# Information returned as the result to a `Join` message, needed by the joiner in order to form a
+# direct connection to a joined object.  This might simply be the address of the joined object's
+# host vat, since the `JoinKey` has already been communicated so the two vats already have a shared
+# secret to use to authenticate each other.
+#
+# The `JoinResult` should also contain information that can be used to detect when the Join
+# requests ended up reaching different objects, so that this situation can be detected easily.
+# This could be a simple matter of including a sequence number -- if the joiner receives two
+# `JoinResult`s with sequence number 0, then they must have come from different objects and the
+# whole join is a failure.
+
+# ========================================================================================
+# Network interface sketch
+#
+# The interfaces below are meant to be pseudo-code to illustrate how the details of a particular
+# vat network might be abstracted away.  They are written like Cap'n Proto interfaces, but in
+# practice you'd probably define these interfaces manually in the target programming language.  A
+# Cap'n Proto RPC implementation should be able to use these interfaces without knowing the
+# definitions of the various network-specific parameters defined above.
+
+# interface VatNetwork {
+#   # Represents a vat network, with the ability to connect to particular vats and receive
+#   # connections from vats.
+#   #
+#   # Note that methods returning a `Connection` may return a pre-existing `Connection`, and the
+#   # caller is expected to find and share state with existing users of the connection.
+#
+#   # Level 0 features -----------------------------------------------
+#
+#   connect(vatId :VatId) :Connection;
+#   # Connect to the given vat.  The transport should return a promise that does not
+#   # resolve until authentication has completed, but allows messages to be pipelined in before
+#   # that; the transport either queues these messages until authenticated, or sends them encrypted
+#   # such that only the authentic vat would be able to decrypt them.  The latter approach avoids a
+#   # round trip for authentication.
+#
+#   accept() :Connection;
+#   # Wait for the next incoming connection and return it.  Only connections formed by
+#   # connect() are returned by this method.
+#
+#   # Level 4 features -----------------------------------------------
+#
+#   newJoiner(count :UInt32) :NewJoinerResponse;
+#   # Prepare a new Join operation, which will eventually lead to forming a new direct connection
+#   # to the host of the joined capability.  `count` is the number of capabilities to join.
+#
+#   struct NewJoinerResponse {
+#     joinKeyParts :List(JoinKeyPart);
+#     # Key parts to send in Join messages to each capability.
+#
+#     joiner :Joiner;
+#     # Used to establish the final connection.
+#   }
+#
+#   interface Joiner {
+#     addJoinResult(result :JoinResult) :Void;
+#     # Add a JoinResult received in response to one of the `Join` messages.  All `JoinResult`s
+#     # returned from all paths must be added before trying to connect.
+#
+#     connect() :ConnectionAndProvisionId;
+#     # Try to form a connection to the joined capability's host, verifying that it has received
+#     # all of the JoinKeyParts.  Once the connection is formed, the caller should send an `Accept`
+#     # message on it with the specified `ProvisionId` in order to receive the final capability.
+#   }
+#
+#   acceptConnectionFromJoiner(parts :List(JoinKeyPart), paths :List(VatPath))
+#       :ConnectionAndProvisionId;
+#   # Called on a joined capability's host to receive the connection from the joiner, once all
+#   # key parts have arrived.  The caller should expect to receive an `Accept` message over the
+#   # connection with the given ProvisionId.
+# }
+#
+# interface Connection {
+#   # Level 0 features -----------------------------------------------
+#
+#   send(message :Message) :Void;
+#   # Send the message.  Returns successfully when the message (and all preceding messages) has
+#   # been acknowledged by the recipient.
+#
+#   receive() :Message;
+#   # Receive the next message, and acknowledges receipt to the sender.  Messages are received in
+#   # the order in which they are sent.
+#
+#   # Level 3 features -----------------------------------------------
+#
+#   introduceTo(recipient :Connection) :IntroductionInfo;
+#   # Call before starting a three-way introduction, assuming a `Provide` message is to be sent on
+#   # this connection and a `ThirdPartyCapId` is to be sent to `recipient`.
+#
+#   struct IntroductionInfo {
+#     sendToRecipient :ThirdPartyCapId;
+#     sendToTarget :RecipientId;
+#   }
+#
+#   connectToIntroduced(capId :ThirdPartyCapId) :ConnectionAndProvisionId;
+#   # Given a ThirdPartyCapId received over this connection, connect to the third party.  The
+#   # caller should then send an `Accept` message over the new connection.
+#
+#   acceptIntroducedConnection(recipientId :RecipientId) :Connection;
+#   # Given a RecipientId received in a `Provide` message on this `Connection`, wait for the
+#   # recipient to connect, and return the connection formed.  Usually, the first message received
+#   # on the new connection will be an `Accept` message.
+# }
+#
+# struct ConnectionAndProvisionId {
+#   # **(level 3)**
+#
+#   connection :Connection;
+#   # Connection on which to issue `Accept` message.
+#
+#   provision :ProvisionId;
+#   # `ProvisionId` to send in the `Accept` message.
+# }
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/schema.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/schema.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9fbe61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/schema.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+using Cxx = import "/capnp/c++.capnp";
+
+@0xa93fc509624c72d9;
+$Cxx.namespace("capnp::schema");
+
+using Id = UInt64;
+# The globally-unique ID of a file, type, or annotation.
+
+struct Node {
+  id @0 :Id;
+
+  displayName @1 :Text;
+  # Name to present to humans to identify this Node.  You should not attempt to parse this.  Its
+  # format could change.  It is not guaranteed to be unique.
+  #
+  # (On Zooko's triangle, this is the node's nickname.)
+
+  displayNamePrefixLength @2 :UInt32;
+  # If you want a shorter version of `displayName` (just naming this node, without its surrounding
+  # scope), chop off this many characters from the beginning of `displayName`.
+
+  scopeId @3 :Id;
+  # ID of the lexical parent node.  Typically, the scope node will have a NestedNode pointing back
+  # at this node, but robust code should avoid relying on this (and, in fact, group nodes are not
+  # listed in the outer struct's nestedNodes, since they are listed in the fields).  `scopeId` is
+  # zero if the node has no parent, which is normally only the case with files, but should be
+  # allowed for any kind of node (in order to make runtime type generation easier).
+
+  parameters @32 :List(Parameter);
+  # If this node is parameterized (generic), the list of parameters. Empty for non-generic types.
+
+  isGeneric @33 :Bool;
+  # True if this node is generic, meaning that it or one of its parent scopes has a non-empty
+  # `parameters`.
+
+  struct Parameter {
+    # Information about one of the node's parameters.
+
+    name @0 :Text;
+  }
+
+  nestedNodes @4 :List(NestedNode);
+  # List of nodes nested within this node, along with the names under which they were declared.
+
+  struct NestedNode {
+    name @0 :Text;
+    # Unqualified symbol name.  Unlike Node.displayName, this *can* be used programmatically.
+    #
+    # (On Zooko's triangle, this is the node's petname according to its parent scope.)
+
+    id @1 :Id;
+    # ID of the nested node.  Typically, the target node's scopeId points back to this node, but
+    # robust code should avoid relying on this.
+  }
+
+  annotations @5 :List(Annotation);
+  # Annotations applied to this node.
+
+  union {
+    # Info specific to each kind of node.
+
+    file @6 :Void;
+
+    struct :group {
+      dataWordCount @7 :UInt16;
+      # Size of the data section, in words.
+
+      pointerCount @8 :UInt16;
+      # Size of the pointer section, in pointers (which are one word each).
+
+      preferredListEncoding @9 :ElementSize;
+      # The preferred element size to use when encoding a list of this struct.  If this is anything
+      # other than `inlineComposite` then the struct is one word or less in size and is a candidate
+      # for list packing optimization.
+
+      isGroup @10 :Bool;
+      # If true, then this "struct" node is actually not an independent node, but merely represents
+      # some named union or group within a particular parent struct.  This node's scopeId refers
+      # to the parent struct, which may itself be a union/group in yet another struct.
+      #
+      # All group nodes share the same dataWordCount and pointerCount as the top-level
+      # struct, and their fields live in the same ordinal and offset spaces as all other fields in
+      # the struct.
+      #
+      # Note that a named union is considered a special kind of group -- in fact, a named union
+      # is exactly equivalent to a group that contains nothing but an unnamed union.
+
+      discriminantCount @11 :UInt16;
+      # Number of fields in this struct which are members of an anonymous union, and thus may
+      # overlap.  If this is non-zero, then a 16-bit discriminant is present indicating which
+      # of the overlapping fields is active.  This can never be 1 -- if it is non-zero, it must be
+      # two or more.
+      #
+      # Note that the fields of an unnamed union are considered fields of the scope containing the
+      # union -- an unnamed union is not its own group.  So, a top-level struct may contain a
+      # non-zero discriminant count.  Named unions, on the other hand, are equivalent to groups
+      # containing unnamed unions.  So, a named union has its own independent schema node, with
+      # `isGroup` = true.
+
+      discriminantOffset @12 :UInt32;
+      # If `discriminantCount` is non-zero, this is the offset of the union discriminant, in
+      # multiples of 16 bits.
+
+      fields @13 :List(Field);
+      # Fields defined within this scope (either the struct's top-level fields, or the fields of
+      # a particular group; see `isGroup`).
+      #
+      # The fields are sorted by ordinal number, but note that because groups share the same
+      # ordinal space, the field's index in this list is not necessarily exactly its ordinal.
+      # On the other hand, the field's position in this list does remain the same even as the
+      # protocol evolves, since it is not possible to insert or remove an earlier ordinal.
+      # Therefore, for most use cases, if you want to identify a field by number, it may make the
+      # most sense to use the field's index in this list rather than its ordinal.
+    }
+
+    enum :group {
+      enumerants@14 :List(Enumerant);
+      # Enumerants ordered by numeric value (ordinal).
+    }
+
+    interface :group {
+      methods @15 :List(Method);
+      # Methods ordered by ordinal.
+
+      superclasses @31 :List(Superclass);
+      # Superclasses of this interface.
+    }
+
+    const :group {
+      type @16 :Type;
+      value @17 :Value;
+    }
+
+    annotation :group {
+      type @18 :Type;
+
+      targetsFile @19 :Bool;
+      targetsConst @20 :Bool;
+      targetsEnum @21 :Bool;
+      targetsEnumerant @22 :Bool;
+      targetsStruct @23 :Bool;
+      targetsField @24 :Bool;
+      targetsUnion @25 :Bool;
+      targetsGroup @26 :Bool;
+      targetsInterface @27 :Bool;
+      targetsMethod @28 :Bool;
+      targetsParam @29 :Bool;
+      targetsAnnotation @30 :Bool;
+    }
+  }
+
+  struct SourceInfo {
+    # Additional information about a node which is not needed at runtime, but may be useful for
+    # documentation or debugging purposes. This is kept in a separate struct to make sure it
+    # doesn't accidentally get included in contexts where it is not needed. The
+    # `CodeGeneratorRequest` includes this information in a separate array.
+
+    id @0 :Id;
+    # ID of the Node which this info describes.
+
+    docComment @1 :Text;
+    # The top-level doc comment for the Node.
+
+    members @2 :List(Member);
+    # Information about each member -- i.e. fields (for structs), enumerants (for enums), or
+    # methods (for interfaces).
+    #
+    # This list is the same length and order as the corresponding list in the Node, i.e.
+    # Node.struct.fields, Node.enum.enumerants, or Node.interface.methods.
+
+    struct Member {
+      docComment @0 :Text;
+      # Doc comment on the member.
+    }
+
+    # TODO(someday): Record location of the declaration in the original source code.
+  }
+}
+
+struct Field {
+  # Schema for a field of a struct.
+
+  name @0 :Text;
+
+  codeOrder @1 :UInt16;
+  # Indicates where this member appeared in the code, relative to other members.
+  # Code ordering may have semantic relevance -- programmers tend to place related fields
+  # together.  So, using code ordering makes sense in human-readable formats where ordering is
+  # otherwise irrelevant, like JSON.  The values of codeOrder are tightly-packed, so the maximum
+  # value is count(members) - 1.  Fields that are members of a union are only ordered relative to
+  # the other members of that union, so the maximum value there is count(union.members).
+
+  annotations @2 :List(Annotation);
+
+  const noDiscriminant :UInt16 = 0xffff;
+
+  discriminantValue @3 :UInt16 = Field.noDiscriminant;
+  # If the field is in a union, this is the value which the union's discriminant should take when
+  # the field is active.  If the field is not in a union, this is 0xffff.
+
+  union {
+    slot :group {
+      # A regular, non-group, non-fixed-list field.
+
+      offset @4 :UInt32;
+      # Offset, in units of the field's size, from the beginning of the section in which the field
+      # resides.  E.g. for a UInt32 field, multiply this by 4 to get the byte offset from the
+      # beginning of the data section.
+
+      type @5 :Type;
+      defaultValue @6 :Value;
+
+      hadExplicitDefault @10 :Bool;
+      # Whether the default value was specified explicitly.  Non-explicit default values are always
+      # zero or empty values.  Usually, whether the default value was explicit shouldn't matter.
+      # The main use case for this flag is for structs representing method parameters:
+      # explicitly-defaulted parameters may be allowed to be omitted when calling the method.
+    }
+
+    group :group {
+      # A group.
+
+      typeId @7 :Id;
+      # The ID of the group's node.
+    }
+  }
+
+  ordinal :union {
+    implicit @8 :Void;
+    explicit @9 :UInt16;
+    # The original ordinal number given to the field.  You probably should NOT use this; if you need
+    # a numeric identifier for a field, use its position within the field array for its scope.
+    # The ordinal is given here mainly just so that the original schema text can be reproduced given
+    # the compiled version -- i.e. so that `capnp compile -ocapnp` can do its job.
+  }
+}
+
+struct Enumerant {
+  # Schema for member of an enum.
+
+  name @0 :Text;
+
+  codeOrder @1 :UInt16;
+  # Specifies order in which the enumerants were declared in the code.
+  # Like Struct.Field.codeOrder.
+
+  annotations @2 :List(Annotation);
+}
+
+struct Superclass {
+  id @0 :Id;
+  brand @1 :Brand;
+}
+
+struct Method {
+  # Schema for method of an interface.
+
+  name @0 :Text;
+
+  codeOrder @1 :UInt16;
+  # Specifies order in which the methods were declared in the code.
+  # Like Struct.Field.codeOrder.
+
+  implicitParameters @7 :List(Node.Parameter);
+  # The parameters listed in [] (typically, type / generic parameters), whose bindings are intended
+  # to be inferred rather than specified explicitly, although not all languages support this.
+
+  paramStructType @2 :Id;
+  # ID of the parameter struct type.  If a named parameter list was specified in the method
+  # declaration (rather than a single struct parameter type) then a corresponding struct type is
+  # auto-generated.  Such an auto-generated type will not be listed in the interface's
+  # `nestedNodes` and its `scopeId` will be zero -- it is completely detached from the namespace.
+  # (Awkwardly, it does of course inherit generic parameters from the method's scope, which makes
+  # this a situation where you can't just climb the scope chain to find where a particular
+  # generic parameter was introduced. Making the `scopeId` zero was a mistake.)
+
+  paramBrand @5 :Brand;
+  # Brand of param struct type.
+
+  resultStructType @3 :Id;
+  # ID of the return struct type; similar to `paramStructType`.
+
+  resultBrand @6 :Brand;
+  # Brand of result struct type.
+
+  annotations @4 :List(Annotation);
+}
+
+struct Type {
+  # Represents a type expression.
+
+  union {
+    # The ordinals intentionally match those of Value.
+
+    void @0 :Void;
+    bool @1 :Void;
+    int8 @2 :Void;
+    int16 @3 :Void;
+    int32 @4 :Void;
+    int64 @5 :Void;
+    uint8 @6 :Void;
+    uint16 @7 :Void;
+    uint32 @8 :Void;
+    uint64 @9 :Void;
+    float32 @10 :Void;
+    float64 @11 :Void;
+    text @12 :Void;
+    data @13 :Void;
+
+    list :group {
+      elementType @14 :Type;
+    }
+
+    enum :group {
+      typeId @15 :Id;
+      brand @21 :Brand;
+    }
+    struct :group {
+      typeId @16 :Id;
+      brand @22 :Brand;
+    }
+    interface :group {
+      typeId @17 :Id;
+      brand @23 :Brand;
+    }
+
+    anyPointer :union {
+      unconstrained :union {
+        # A regular AnyPointer.
+        #
+        # The name "unconstrained" means as opposed to constraining it to match a type parameter.
+        # In retrospect this name is probably a poor choice given that it may still be constrained
+        # to be a struct, list, or capability.
+
+        anyKind @18 :Void;       # truly AnyPointer
+        struct @25 :Void;        # AnyStruct
+        list @26 :Void;          # AnyList
+        capability @27 :Void;    # Capability
+      }
+
+      parameter :group {
+        # This is actually a reference to a type parameter defined within this scope.
+
+        scopeId @19 :Id;
+        # ID of the generic type whose parameter we're referencing. This should be a parent of the
+        # current scope.
+
+        parameterIndex @20 :UInt16;
+        # Index of the parameter within the generic type's parameter list.
+      }
+
+      implicitMethodParameter :group {
+        # This is actually a reference to an implicit (generic) parameter of a method. The only
+        # legal context for this type to appear is inside Method.paramBrand or Method.resultBrand.
+
+        parameterIndex @24 :UInt16;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct Brand {
+  # Specifies bindings for parameters of generics. Since these bindings turn a generic into a
+  # non-generic, we call it the "brand".
+
+  scopes @0 :List(Scope);
+  # For each of the target type and each of its parent scopes, a parameterization may be included
+  # in this list. If no parameterization is included for a particular relevant scope, then either
+  # that scope has no parameters or all parameters should be considered to be `AnyPointer`.
+
+  struct Scope {
+    scopeId @0 :Id;
+    # ID of the scope to which these params apply.
+
+    union {
+      bind @1 :List(Binding);
+      # List of parameter bindings.
+
+      inherit @2 :Void;
+      # The place where this Brand appears is actually within this scope or a sub-scope,
+      # and the bindings for this scope should be inherited from the reference point.
+    }
+  }
+
+  struct Binding {
+    union {
+      unbound @0 :Void;
+      type @1 :Type;
+
+      # TODO(someday): Allow non-type parameters? Unsure if useful.
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct Value {
+  # Represents a value, e.g. a field default value, constant value, or annotation value.
+
+  union {
+    # The ordinals intentionally match those of Type.
+
+    void @0 :Void;
+    bool @1 :Bool;
+    int8 @2 :Int8;
+    int16 @3 :Int16;
+    int32 @4 :Int32;
+    int64 @5 :Int64;
+    uint8 @6 :UInt8;
+    uint16 @7 :UInt16;
+    uint32 @8 :UInt32;
+    uint64 @9 :UInt64;
+    float32 @10 :Float32;
+    float64 @11 :Float64;
+    text @12 :Text;
+    data @13 :Data;
+
+    list @14 :AnyPointer;
+
+    enum @15 :UInt16;
+    struct @16 :AnyPointer;
+
+    interface @17 :Void;
+    # The only interface value that can be represented statically is "null", whose methods always
+    # throw exceptions.
+
+    anyPointer @18 :AnyPointer;
+  }
+}
+
+struct Annotation {
+  # Describes an annotation applied to a declaration.  Note AnnotationNode describes the
+  # annotation's declaration, while this describes a use of the annotation.
+
+  id @0 :Id;
+  # ID of the annotation node.
+
+  brand @2 :Brand;
+  # Brand of the annotation.
+  #
+  # Note that the annotation itself is not allowed to be parameterized, but its scope might be.
+
+  value @1 :Value;
+}
+
+enum ElementSize {
+  # Possible element sizes for encoded lists.  These correspond exactly to the possible values of
+  # the 3-bit element size component of a list pointer.
+
+  empty @0;    # aka "void", but that's a keyword.
+  bit @1;
+  byte @2;
+  twoBytes @3;
+  fourBytes @4;
+  eightBytes @5;
+  pointer @6;
+  inlineComposite @7;
+}
+
+struct CapnpVersion {
+  major @0 :UInt16;
+  minor @1 :UInt8;
+  micro @2 :UInt8;
+}
+
+struct CodeGeneratorRequest {
+  capnpVersion @2 :CapnpVersion;
+  # Version of the `capnp` executable. Generally, code generators should ignore this, but the code
+  # generators that ship with `capnp` itself will print a warning if this mismatches since that
+  # probably indicates something is misconfigured.
+  #
+  # The first version of 'capnp' to set this was 0.6.0. So, if it's missing, the compiler version
+  # is older than that.
+
+  nodes @0 :List(Node);
+  # All nodes parsed by the compiler, including for the files on the command line and their
+  # imports.
+
+  sourceInfo @3 :List(Node.SourceInfo);
+  # Information about the original source code for each node, where available. This array may be
+  # omitted or may be missing some nodes if no info is available for them.
+
+  requestedFiles @1 :List(RequestedFile);
+  # Files which were listed on the command line.
+
+  struct RequestedFile {
+    id @0 :Id;
+    # ID of the file.
+
+    filename @1 :Text;
+    # Name of the file as it appeared on the command-line (minus the src-prefix).  You may use
+    # this to decide where to write the output.
+
+    imports @2 :List(Import);
+    # List of all imported paths seen in this file.
+
+    struct Import {
+      id @0 :Id;
+      # ID of the imported file.
+
+      name @1 :Text;
+      # Name which *this* file used to refer to the foreign file.  This may be a relative name.
+      # This information is provided because it might be useful for code generation, e.g. to
+      # generate #include directives in C++.  We don't put this in Node.file because this
+      # information is only meaningful at compile time anyway.
+      #
+      # (On Zooko's triangle, this is the import's petname according to the importing file.)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbaa4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0xf36d7b330303c66e;
+
+using Test = import "test.capnp";
+
+struct TestImport {
+  field @0 :Test.TestAllTypes;
+}
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import2.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import2.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23eb600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test-import2.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0xc64a3bf0338a124a;
+
+using Import1 = import "/capnp/schema.capnp";
+using Import2 = import "test-import.capnp";
+using Import3 = import "test.capnp";
+
+struct TestImport2 {
+  foo @0 :Import3.TestAllTypes;
+  bar @1 :Import1.Node;
+  baz @2 :Import2.TestImport;
+}
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test.capnp b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test.capnp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a4a507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/test.capnp
@@ -0,0 +1,969 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+@0xd508eebdc2dc42b8;
+
+using Cxx = import "c++.capnp";
+
+# Use a namespace likely to cause trouble if the generated code doesn't use fully-qualified
+# names for stuff in the capnproto namespace.
+$Cxx.namespace("capnproto_test::capnp::test");
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  foo @0;
+  bar @1;
+  baz @2;
+  qux @3;
+  quux @4;
+  corge @5;
+  grault @6;
+  garply @7;
+}
+
+struct TestAllTypes {
+  voidField      @0  : Void;
+  boolField      @1  : Bool;
+  int8Field      @2  : Int8;
+  int16Field     @3  : Int16;
+  int32Field     @4  : Int32;
+  int64Field     @5  : Int64;
+  uInt8Field     @6  : UInt8;
+  uInt16Field    @7  : UInt16;
+  uInt32Field    @8  : UInt32;
+  uInt64Field    @9  : UInt64;
+  float32Field   @10 : Float32;
+  float64Field   @11 : Float64;
+  textField      @12 : Text;
+  dataField      @13 : Data;
+  structField    @14 : TestAllTypes;
+  enumField      @15 : TestEnum;
+  interfaceField @16 : Void;  # TODO
+
+  voidList      @17 : List(Void);
+  boolList      @18 : List(Bool);
+  int8List      @19 : List(Int8);
+  int16List     @20 : List(Int16);
+  int32List     @21 : List(Int32);
+  int64List     @22 : List(Int64);
+  uInt8List     @23 : List(UInt8);
+  uInt16List    @24 : List(UInt16);
+  uInt32List    @25 : List(UInt32);
+  uInt64List    @26 : List(UInt64);
+  float32List   @27 : List(Float32);
+  float64List   @28 : List(Float64);
+  textList      @29 : List(Text);
+  dataList      @30 : List(Data);
+  structList    @31 : List(TestAllTypes);
+  enumList      @32 : List(TestEnum);
+  interfaceList @33 : List(Void);  # TODO
+}
+
+struct TestDefaults {
+  voidField      @0  : Void    = void;
+  boolField      @1  : Bool    = true;
+  int8Field      @2  : Int8    = -123;
+  int16Field     @3  : Int16   = -12345;
+  int32Field     @4  : Int32   = -12345678;
+  int64Field     @5  : Int64   = -123456789012345;
+  uInt8Field     @6  : UInt8   = 234;
+  uInt16Field    @7  : UInt16  = 45678;
+  uInt32Field    @8  : UInt32  = 3456789012;
+  uInt64Field    @9  : UInt64  = 12345678901234567890;
+  float32Field   @10 : Float32 = 1234.5;
+  float64Field   @11 : Float64 = -123e45;
+  textField      @12 : Text    = "foo";
+  dataField      @13 : Data    = 0x"62 61 72"; # "bar"
+  structField    @14 : TestAllTypes = (
+      voidField      = void,
+      boolField      = true,
+      int8Field      = -12,
+      int16Field     = 3456,
+      int32Field     = -78901234,
+      int64Field     = 56789012345678,
+      uInt8Field     = 90,
+      uInt16Field    = 1234,
+      uInt32Field    = 56789012,
+      uInt64Field    = 345678901234567890,
+      float32Field   = -1.25e-10,
+      float64Field   = 345,
+      textField      = "baz",
+      dataField      = "qux",
+      structField    = (
+          textField = "nested",
+          structField = (textField = "really nested")),
+      enumField      = baz,
+      # interfaceField can't have a default
+
+      voidList      = [void, void, void],
+      boolList      = [false, true, false, true, true],
+      int8List      = [12, -34, -0x80, 0x7f],
+      int16List     = [1234, -5678, -0x8000, 0x7fff],
+      int32List     = [12345678, -90123456, -0x80000000, 0x7fffffff],
+      int64List     = [123456789012345, -678901234567890, -0x8000000000000000, 0x7fffffffffffffff],
+      uInt8List     = [12, 34, 0, 0xff],
+      uInt16List    = [1234, 5678, 0, 0xffff],
+      uInt32List    = [12345678, 90123456, 0, 0xffffffff],
+      uInt64List    = [123456789012345, 678901234567890, 0, 0xffffffffffffffff],
+      float32List   = [0, 1234567, 1e37, -1e37, 1e-37, -1e-37],
+      float64List   = [0, 123456789012345, 1e306, -1e306, 1e-306, -1e-306],
+      textList      = ["quux", "corge", "grault"],
+      dataList      = ["garply", "waldo", "fred"],
+      structList    = [
+          (textField = "x " "structlist"
+                       " 1"),
+          (textField = "x structlist 2"),
+          (textField = "x structlist 3")],
+      enumList      = [qux, bar, grault]
+      # interfaceList can't have a default
+      );
+  enumField      @15 : TestEnum = corge;
+  interfaceField @16 : Void;  # TODO
+
+  voidList      @17 : List(Void)    = [void, void, void, void, void, void];
+  boolList      @18 : List(Bool)    = [true, false, false, true];
+  int8List      @19 : List(Int8)    = [111, -111];
+  int16List     @20 : List(Int16)   = [11111, -11111];
+  int32List     @21 : List(Int32)   = [111111111, -111111111];
+  int64List     @22 : List(Int64)   = [1111111111111111111, -1111111111111111111];
+  uInt8List     @23 : List(UInt8)   = [111, 222] ;
+  uInt16List    @24 : List(UInt16)  = [33333, 44444];
+  uInt32List    @25 : List(UInt32)  = [3333333333];
+  uInt64List    @26 : List(UInt64)  = [11111111111111111111];
+  float32List   @27 : List(Float32) = [5555.5, inf, -inf, nan];
+  float64List   @28 : List(Float64) = [7777.75, inf, -inf, nan];
+  textList      @29 : List(Text)    = ["plugh", "xyzzy", "thud"];
+  dataList      @30 : List(Data)    = ["oops", "exhausted", "rfc3092"];
+  structList    @31 : List(TestAllTypes) = [
+      (textField = "structlist 1"),
+      (textField = "structlist 2"),
+      (textField = "structlist 3")];
+  enumList      @32 : List(TestEnum) = [foo, garply];
+  interfaceList @33 : List(Void);  # TODO
+}
+
+struct TestAnyPointer {
+  anyPointerField @0 :AnyPointer;
+
+  # Do not add any other fields here!  Some tests rely on anyPointerField being the last pointer
+  # in the struct.
+}
+
+struct TestAnyOthers {
+  anyStructField @0 :AnyStruct;
+  anyListField @1 :AnyList;
+  capabilityField @2 :Capability;
+}
+
+struct TestOutOfOrder {
+  foo @3 :Text;
+  bar @2 :Text;
+  baz @8 :Text;
+  qux @0 :Text;
+  quux @6 :Text;
+  corge @4 :Text;
+  grault @1 :Text;
+  garply @7 :Text;
+  waldo @5 :Text;
+}
+
+struct TestUnion {
+  union0 @0! :union {
+    # Pack union 0 under ideal conditions: there is no unused padding space prior to it.
+    u0f0s0  @4: Void;
+    u0f0s1  @5: Bool;
+    u0f0s8  @6: Int8;
+    u0f0s16 @7: Int16;
+    u0f0s32 @8: Int32;
+    u0f0s64 @9: Int64;
+    u0f0sp  @10: Text;
+
+    # Pack more stuff into union0 -- should go in same space.
+    u0f1s0  @11: Void;
+    u0f1s1  @12: Bool;
+    u0f1s8  @13: Int8;
+    u0f1s16 @14: Int16;
+    u0f1s32 @15: Int32;
+    u0f1s64 @16: Int64;
+    u0f1sp  @17: Text;
+  }
+
+  # Pack one bit in order to make pathological situation for union1.
+  bit0 @18: Bool;
+
+  union1 @1! :union {
+    # Pack pathologically bad case.  Each field takes up new space.
+    u1f0s0  @19: Void;
+    u1f0s1  @20: Bool;
+    u1f1s1  @21: Bool;
+    u1f0s8  @22: Int8;
+    u1f1s8  @23: Int8;
+    u1f0s16 @24: Int16;
+    u1f1s16 @25: Int16;
+    u1f0s32 @26: Int32;
+    u1f1s32 @27: Int32;
+    u1f0s64 @28: Int64;
+    u1f1s64 @29: Int64;
+    u1f0sp  @30: Text;
+    u1f1sp  @31: Text;
+
+    # Pack more stuff into union1 -- each should go into the same space as corresponding u1f0s*.
+    u1f2s0  @32: Void;
+    u1f2s1  @33: Bool;
+    u1f2s8  @34: Int8;
+    u1f2s16 @35: Int16;
+    u1f2s32 @36: Int32;
+    u1f2s64 @37: Int64;
+    u1f2sp  @38: Text;
+  }
+
+  # Fill in the rest of that bitfield from earlier.
+  bit2 @39: Bool;
+  bit3 @40: Bool;
+  bit4 @41: Bool;
+  bit5 @42: Bool;
+  bit6 @43: Bool;
+  bit7 @44: Bool;
+
+  # Interleave two unions to be really annoying.
+  # Also declare in reverse order to make sure union discriminant values are sorted by field number
+  # and not by declaration order.
+  union2 @2! :union {
+    u2f0s64 @54: Int64;
+    u2f0s32 @52: Int32;
+    u2f0s16 @50: Int16;
+    u2f0s8 @47: Int8;
+    u2f0s1 @45: Bool;
+  }
+
+  union3 @3! :union {
+    u3f0s64 @55: Int64;
+    u3f0s32 @53: Int32;
+    u3f0s16 @51: Int16;
+    u3f0s8 @48: Int8;
+    u3f0s1 @46: Bool;
+  }
+
+  byte0 @49: UInt8;
+}
+
+struct TestUnnamedUnion {
+  before @0 :Text;
+
+  union {
+    foo @1 :UInt16;
+    bar @3 :UInt32;
+  }
+
+  middle @2 :UInt16;
+
+  after @4 :Text;
+}
+
+struct TestUnionInUnion {
+  # There is no reason to ever do this.
+  outer :union {
+    inner :union {
+      foo @0 :Int32;
+      bar @1 :Int32;
+    }
+    baz @2 :Int32;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestGroups {
+  groups :union {
+    foo :group {
+      corge @0 :Int32;
+      grault @2 :Int64;
+      garply @8 :Text;
+    }
+    bar :group {
+      corge @3 :Int32;
+      grault @4 :Text;
+      garply @5 :Int64;
+    }
+    baz :group {
+      corge @1 :Int32;
+      grault @6 :Text;
+      garply @7 :Text;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestInterleavedGroups {
+  group1 :group {
+    foo @0 :UInt32;
+    bar @2 :UInt64;
+    union {
+      qux @4 :UInt16;
+      corge :group {
+        grault @6 :UInt64;
+        garply @8 :UInt16;
+        plugh @14 :Text;
+        xyzzy @16 :Text;
+      }
+
+      fred @12 :Text;
+    }
+
+    waldo @10 :Text;
+  }
+
+  group2 :group {
+    foo @1 :UInt32;
+    bar @3 :UInt64;
+    union {
+      qux @5 :UInt16;
+      corge :group {
+        grault @7 :UInt64;
+        garply @9 :UInt16;
+        plugh @15 :Text;
+        xyzzy @17 :Text;
+      }
+
+      fred @13 :Text;
+    }
+
+    waldo @11 :Text;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestUnionDefaults {
+  s16s8s64s8Set @0 :TestUnion =
+      (union0 = (u0f0s16 = 321), union1 = (u1f0s8 = 123), union2 = (u2f0s64 = 12345678901234567),
+       union3 = (u3f0s8 = 55));
+  s0sps1s32Set @1 :TestUnion =
+      (union0 = (u0f1s0 = void), union1 = (u1f0sp = "foo"), union2 = (u2f0s1 = true),
+       union3 = (u3f0s32 = 12345678));
+
+  unnamed1 @2 :TestUnnamedUnion = (foo = 123);
+  unnamed2 @3 :TestUnnamedUnion = (bar = 321, before = "foo", after = "bar");
+}
+
+struct TestNestedTypes {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    foo @0;
+    bar @1;
+  }
+
+  struct NestedStruct {
+    enum NestedEnum {
+      baz @0;
+      qux @1;
+      quux @2;
+    }
+
+    outerNestedEnum @0 :TestNestedTypes.NestedEnum = bar;
+    innerNestedEnum @1 :NestedEnum = quux;
+  }
+
+  nestedStruct @0 :NestedStruct;
+
+  outerNestedEnum @1 :NestedEnum = bar;
+  innerNestedEnum @2 :NestedStruct.NestedEnum = quux;
+}
+
+struct TestUsing {
+  using OuterNestedEnum = TestNestedTypes.NestedEnum;
+  using TestNestedTypes.NestedStruct.NestedEnum;
+
+  outerNestedEnum @1 :OuterNestedEnum = bar;
+  innerNestedEnum @0 :NestedEnum = quux;
+}
+
+struct TestLists {
+  # Small structs, when encoded as list, will be encoded as primitive lists rather than struct
+  # lists, to save space.
+  struct Struct0  { f @0 :Void; }
+  struct Struct1  { f @0 :Bool; }
+  struct Struct8  { f @0 :UInt8; }
+  struct Struct16 { f @0 :UInt16; }
+  struct Struct32 { f @0 :UInt32; }
+  struct Struct64 { f @0 :UInt64; }
+  struct StructP  { f @0 :Text; }
+
+  # Versions of the above which cannot be encoded as primitive lists.
+  struct Struct0c  { f @0 :Void; pad @1 :Text; }
+  struct Struct1c  { f @0 :Bool; pad @1 :Text; }
+  struct Struct8c  { f @0 :UInt8; pad @1 :Text; }
+  struct Struct16c { f @0 :UInt16; pad @1 :Text; }
+  struct Struct32c { f @0 :UInt32; pad @1 :Text; }
+  struct Struct64c { f @0 :UInt64; pad @1 :Text; }
+  struct StructPc  { f @0 :Text; pad @1 :UInt64; }
+
+  list0  @0 :List(Struct0);
+  list1  @1 :List(Struct1);
+  list8  @2 :List(Struct8);
+  list16 @3 :List(Struct16);
+  list32 @4 :List(Struct32);
+  list64 @5 :List(Struct64);
+  listP  @6 :List(StructP);
+
+  int32ListList @7 :List(List(Int32));
+  textListList @8 :List(List(Text));
+  structListList @9 :List(List(TestAllTypes));
+}
+
+struct TestFieldZeroIsBit {
+  bit @0 :Bool;
+  secondBit @1 :Bool = true;
+  thirdField @2 :UInt8 = 123;
+}
+
+struct TestListDefaults {
+  lists @0 :TestLists = (
+      list0  = [(f = void), (f = void)],
+      list1  = [(f = true), (f = false), (f = true), (f = true)],
+      list8  = [(f = 123), (f = 45)],
+      list16 = [(f = 12345), (f = 6789)],
+      list32 = [(f = 123456789), (f = 234567890)],
+      list64 = [(f = 1234567890123456), (f = 2345678901234567)],
+      listP  = [(f = "foo"), (f = "bar")],
+      int32ListList = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [12341234]],
+      textListList = [["foo", "bar"], ["baz"], ["qux", "corge"]],
+      structListList = [[(int32Field = 123), (int32Field = 456)], [(int32Field = 789)]]);
+}
+
+struct TestLateUnion {
+  # Test what happens if the unions are not the first ordinals in the struct.  At one point this
+  # was broken for the dynamic API.
+
+  foo @0 :Int32;
+  bar @1 :Text;
+  baz @2 :Int16;
+
+  theUnion @3! :union {
+    qux @4 :Text;
+    corge @5 :List(Int32);
+    grault @6 :Float32;
+  }
+
+  anotherUnion @7! :union {
+    qux @8 :Text;
+    corge @9 :List(Int32);
+    grault @10 :Float32;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestOldVersion {
+  # A subset of TestNewVersion.
+  old1 @0 :Int64;
+  old2 @1 :Text;
+  old3 @2 :TestOldVersion;
+}
+
+struct TestNewVersion {
+  # A superset of TestOldVersion.
+  old1 @0 :Int64;
+  old2 @1 :Text;
+  old3 @2 :TestNewVersion;
+  new1 @3 :Int64 = 987;
+  new2 @4 :Text = "baz";
+}
+
+struct TestOldUnionVersion {
+  union {
+    a @0 :Void;
+    b @1 :UInt64;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestNewUnionVersion {
+  union {
+    a :union {
+      a0 @0 :Void;
+      a1 @2 :UInt64;
+    }
+    b @1 :UInt64;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestStructUnion {
+  un @0! :union {
+    struct @1 :SomeStruct;
+    object @2 :TestAnyPointer;
+  }
+
+  struct SomeStruct {
+    someText @0 :Text;
+    moreText @1 :Text;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestPrintInlineStructs {
+  someText @0 :Text;
+
+  structList @1 :List(InlineStruct);
+  struct InlineStruct {
+    int32Field @0 :Int32;
+    textField @1 :Text;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestWholeFloatDefault {
+  # At one point, these failed to compile in C++ because it would produce literals like "123f",
+  # which is not valid; it needs to be "123.0f".
+  field @0 :Float32 = 123;
+  bigField @1 :Float32 = 2e30;
+  const constant :Float32 = 456;
+  const bigConstant :Float32 = 4e30;
+}
+
+struct TestGenerics(Foo, Bar) {
+  foo @0 :Foo;
+  rev @1 :TestGenerics(Bar, Foo);
+
+  union {
+    uv @2:Void;
+    ug :group {
+      ugfoo @3:Int32;
+    }
+  }
+
+  list @4 :List(Inner);
+  # At one time this failed to compile with MSVC due to poor expression SFINAE support.
+
+  struct Inner {
+    foo @0 :Foo;
+    bar @1 :Bar;
+  }
+
+  struct Inner2(Baz) {
+    bar @0 :Bar;
+    baz @1 :Baz;
+    innerBound @2 :Inner;
+    innerUnbound @3 :TestGenerics.Inner;
+
+    struct DeepNest(Qux) {
+      foo @0 :Foo;
+      bar @1 :Bar;
+      baz @2 :Baz;
+      qux @3 :Qux;
+
+      interface DeepNestInterface(Quux) {
+        # At one time this failed to compile.
+        call @0 () -> ();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  interface Interface(Qux) {
+    call @0 Inner2(Text) -> (qux :Qux, gen :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer));
+  }
+
+  annotation ann(struct) :Foo;
+
+  using AliasFoo = Foo;
+  using AliasInner = Inner;
+  using AliasInner2 = Inner2;
+  using AliasInner2Text = Inner2(Text);
+  using AliasRev = TestGenerics(Bar, Foo);
+
+  struct UseAliases {
+    foo @0 :AliasFoo;
+    inner @1 :AliasInner;
+    inner2 @2 :AliasInner2;
+    inner2Bind @3 :AliasInner2(Text);
+    inner2Text @4 :AliasInner2Text;
+    revFoo @5 :AliasRev.AliasFoo;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestGenericsWrapper(Foo, Bar) {
+  value @0 :TestGenerics(Foo, Bar);
+}
+
+struct TestGenericsWrapper2 {
+  value @0 :TestGenericsWrapper(Text, TestAllTypes);
+}
+
+interface TestImplicitMethodParams {
+  call @0 [T, U] (foo :T, bar :U) -> TestGenerics(T, U);
+}
+
+interface TestImplicitMethodParamsInGeneric(V) {
+  call @0 [T, U] (foo :T, bar :U) -> TestGenerics(T, U);
+}
+
+struct TestGenericsUnion(Foo, Bar) {
+  # At one point this failed to compile.
+
+  union {
+    foo @0 :Foo;
+    bar @1 :Bar;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestUseGenerics $TestGenerics(Text, Data).ann("foo") {
+  basic @0 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer);
+  inner @1 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer).Inner;
+  inner2 @2 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer).Inner2(Text);
+  unspecified @3 :TestGenerics;
+  unspecifiedInner @4 :TestGenerics.Inner2(Text);
+  wrapper @8 :TestGenericsWrapper(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer);
+  cap @18 :TestGenerics(TestInterface, Text);
+  genericCap @19 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, List(UInt32)).Interface(Data);
+
+  default @5 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, Text) =
+      (foo = (int16Field = 123), rev = (foo = "text", rev = (foo = (int16Field = 321))));
+  defaultInner @6 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, Text).Inner =
+      (foo = (int16Field = 123), bar = "text");
+  defaultUser @7 :TestUseGenerics = (basic = (foo = (int16Field = 123)));
+  defaultWrapper @9 :TestGenericsWrapper(Text, TestAllTypes) =
+      (value = (foo = "text", rev = (foo = (int16Field = 321))));
+  defaultWrapper2 @10 :TestGenericsWrapper2 =
+      (value = (value = (foo = "text", rev = (foo = (int16Field = 321)))));
+
+  aliasFoo @11 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer).AliasFoo = (int16Field = 123);
+  aliasInner @12 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer).AliasInner
+      = (foo = (int16Field = 123));
+  aliasInner2 @13 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer).AliasInner2
+      = (innerBound = (foo = (int16Field = 123)));
+  aliasInner2Bind @14 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer).AliasInner2(List(UInt32))
+      = (baz = [12, 34], innerBound = (foo = (int16Field = 123)));
+  aliasInner2Text @15 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, TestAnyPointer).AliasInner2Text
+      = (baz = "text", innerBound = (foo = (int16Field = 123)));
+  aliasRev @16 :TestGenerics(TestAnyPointer, Text).AliasRev.AliasFoo = "text";
+
+  useAliases @17 :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, List(UInt32)).UseAliases = (
+      foo = (int16Field = 123),
+      inner = (foo = (int16Field = 123)),
+      inner2 = (innerBound = (foo = (int16Field = 123))),
+      inner2Bind = (baz = "text", innerBound = (foo = (int16Field = 123))),
+      inner2Text = (baz = "text", innerBound = (foo = (int16Field = 123))),
+      revFoo = [12, 34, 56]);
+}
+
+struct TestEmptyStruct {}
+
+struct TestConstants {
+  const voidConst      :Void    = void;
+  const boolConst      :Bool    = true;
+  const int8Const      :Int8    = -123;
+  const int16Const     :Int16   = -12345;
+  const int32Const     :Int32   = -12345678;
+  const int64Const     :Int64   = -123456789012345;
+  const uint8Const     :UInt8   = 234;
+  const uint16Const    :UInt16  = 45678;
+  const uint32Const    :UInt32  = 3456789012;
+  const uint64Const    :UInt64  = 12345678901234567890;
+  const float32Const   :Float32 = 1234.5;
+  const float64Const   :Float64 = -123e45;
+  const textConst      :Text    = "foo";
+  const dataConst      :Data    = "bar";
+  const structConst    :TestAllTypes = (
+      voidField      = void,
+      boolField      = true,
+      int8Field      = -12,
+      int16Field     = 3456,
+      int32Field     = -78901234,
+      int64Field     = 56789012345678,
+      uInt8Field     = 90,
+      uInt16Field    = 1234,
+      uInt32Field    = 56789012,
+      uInt64Field    = 345678901234567890,
+      float32Field   = -1.25e-10,
+      float64Field   = 345,
+      textField      = "baz",
+      dataField      = "qux",
+      structField    = (
+          textField = "nested",
+          structField = (textField = "really nested")),
+      enumField      = baz,
+      # interfaceField can't have a default
+
+      voidList      = [void, void, void],
+      boolList      = [false, true, false, true, true],
+      int8List      = [12, -34, -0x80, 0x7f],
+      int16List     = [1234, -5678, -0x8000, 0x7fff],
+      int32List     = [12345678, -90123456, -0x80000000, 0x7fffffff],
+      int64List     = [123456789012345, -678901234567890, -0x8000000000000000, 0x7fffffffffffffff],
+      uInt8List     = [12, 34, 0, 0xff],
+      uInt16List    = [1234, 5678, 0, 0xffff],
+      uInt32List    = [12345678, 90123456, 0, 0xffffffff],
+      uInt64List    = [123456789012345, 678901234567890, 0, 0xffffffffffffffff],
+      float32List   = [0, 1234567, 1e37, -1e37, 1e-37, -1e-37],
+      float64List   = [0, 123456789012345, 1e306, -1e306, 1e-306, -1e-306],
+      textList      = ["quux", "corge", "grault"],
+      dataList      = ["garply", "waldo", "fred"],
+      structList    = [
+          (textField = "x " "structlist"
+                       " 1"),
+          (textField = "x structlist 2"),
+          (textField = "x structlist 3")],
+      enumList      = [qux, bar, grault]
+      # interfaceList can't have a default
+      );
+  const enumConst      :TestEnum = corge;
+
+  const voidListConst      :List(Void)    = [void, void, void, void, void, void];
+  const boolListConst      :List(Bool)    = [true, false, false, true];
+  const int8ListConst      :List(Int8)    = [111, -111];
+  const int16ListConst     :List(Int16)   = [11111, -11111];
+  const int32ListConst     :List(Int32)   = [111111111, -111111111];
+  const int64ListConst     :List(Int64)   = [1111111111111111111, -1111111111111111111];
+  const uint8ListConst     :List(UInt8)   = [111, 222] ;
+  const uint16ListConst    :List(UInt16)  = [33333, 44444];
+  const uint32ListConst    :List(UInt32)  = [3333333333];
+  const uint64ListConst    :List(UInt64)  = [11111111111111111111];
+  const float32ListConst   :List(Float32) = [5555.5, inf, -inf, nan];
+  const float64ListConst   :List(Float64) = [7777.75, inf, -inf, nan];
+  const textListConst      :List(Text)    = ["plugh", "xyzzy", "thud"];
+  const dataListConst      :List(Data)    = ["oops", "exhausted", "rfc3092"];
+  const structListConst    :List(TestAllTypes) = [
+      (textField = "structlist 1"),
+      (textField = "structlist 2"),
+      (textField = "structlist 3")];
+  const enumListConst      :List(TestEnum) = [foo, garply];
+}
+
+const globalInt :UInt32 = 12345;
+const globalText :Text = "foobar";
+const globalStruct :TestAllTypes = (int32Field = 54321);
+const globalPrintableStruct :TestPrintInlineStructs = (someText = "foo");
+const derivedConstant :TestAllTypes = (
+    uInt32Field = .globalInt,
+    textField = TestConstants.textConst,
+    structField = TestConstants.structConst,
+    int16List = TestConstants.int16ListConst,
+    structList = TestConstants.structListConst);
+
+const genericConstant :TestGenerics(TestAllTypes, Text) =
+    (foo = (int16Field = 123), rev = (foo = "text", rev = (foo = (int16Field = 321))));
+
+const embeddedData :Data = embed "testdata/packed";
+const embeddedText :Text = embed "testdata/short.txt";
+const embeddedStruct :TestAllTypes = embed "testdata/binary";
+
+const nonAsciiText :Text = "♫ é ✓";
+
+struct TestAnyPointerConstants {
+  anyKindAsStruct @0 :AnyPointer;
+  anyStructAsStruct @1 :AnyStruct;
+  anyKindAsList @2 :AnyPointer;
+  anyListAsList @3 :AnyList;
+
+}
+
+const anyPointerConstants :TestAnyPointerConstants = (
+  anyKindAsStruct = TestConstants.structConst,
+  anyStructAsStruct = TestConstants.structConst,
+  anyKindAsList = TestConstants.int32ListConst,
+  anyListAsList = TestConstants.int32ListConst,
+);
+
+interface TestInterface {
+  foo @0 (i :UInt32, j :Bool) -> (x :Text);
+  bar @1 () -> ();
+  baz @2 (s: TestAllTypes);
+}
+
+interface TestExtends extends(TestInterface) {
+  qux @0 ();
+  corge @1 TestAllTypes -> ();
+  grault @2 () -> TestAllTypes;
+}
+
+interface TestExtends2 extends(TestExtends) {}
+
+interface TestPipeline {
+  getCap @0 (n: UInt32, inCap :TestInterface) -> (s: Text, outBox :Box);
+  testPointers @1 (cap :TestInterface, obj :AnyPointer, list :List(TestInterface)) -> ();
+  getAnyCap @2 (n: UInt32, inCap :Capability) -> (s: Text, outBox :AnyBox);
+
+  struct Box {
+    cap @0 :TestInterface;
+  }
+  struct AnyBox {
+    cap @0 :Capability;
+  }
+}
+
+interface TestCallOrder {
+  getCallSequence @0 (expected: UInt32) -> (n: UInt32);
+  # First call returns 0, next returns 1, ...
+  #
+  # The input `expected` is ignored but useful for disambiguating debug logs.
+}
+
+interface TestTailCallee {
+  struct TailResult {
+    i @0 :UInt32;
+    t @1 :Text;
+    c @2 :TestCallOrder;
+  }
+
+  foo @0 (i :Int32, t :Text) -> TailResult;
+}
+
+interface TestTailCaller {
+  foo @0 (i :Int32, callee :TestTailCallee) -> TestTailCallee.TailResult;
+}
+
+interface TestHandle {}
+
+interface TestMoreStuff extends(TestCallOrder) {
+  # Catch-all type that contains lots of testing methods.
+
+  callFoo @0 (cap :TestInterface) -> (s: Text);
+  # Call `cap.foo()`, check the result, and return "bar".
+
+  callFooWhenResolved @1 (cap :TestInterface) -> (s: Text);
+  # Like callFoo but waits for `cap` to resolve first.
+
+  neverReturn @2 (cap :TestInterface) -> (capCopy :TestInterface);
+  # Doesn't return.  You should cancel it.
+
+  hold @3 (cap :TestInterface) -> ();
+  # Returns immediately but holds on to the capability.
+
+  callHeld @4 () -> (s: Text);
+  # Calls the capability previously held using `hold` (and keeps holding it).
+
+  getHeld @5 () -> (cap :TestInterface);
+  # Returns the capability previously held using `hold` (and keeps holding it).
+
+  echo @6 (cap :TestCallOrder) -> (cap :TestCallOrder);
+  # Just returns the input cap.
+
+  expectCancel @7 (cap :TestInterface) -> ();
+  # evalLater()-loops forever, holding `cap`.  Must be canceled.
+
+  methodWithDefaults @8 (a :Text, b :UInt32 = 123, c :Text = "foo") -> (d :Text, e :Text = "bar");
+
+  methodWithNullDefault @12 (a :Text, b :TestInterface = null);
+
+  getHandle @9 () -> (handle :TestHandle);
+  # Get a new handle. Tests have an out-of-band way to check the current number of live handles, so
+  # this can be used to test garbage collection.
+
+  getNull @10 () -> (nullCap :TestMoreStuff);
+  # Always returns a null capability.
+
+  getEnormousString @11 () -> (str :Text);
+  # Attempts to return an 100MB string. Should always fail.
+}
+
+interface TestMembrane {
+  makeThing @0 () -> (thing :Thing);
+  callPassThrough @1 (thing :Thing, tailCall :Bool) -> Result;
+  callIntercept @2 (thing :Thing, tailCall :Bool) -> Result;
+  loopback @3 (thing :Thing) -> (thing :Thing);
+
+  waitForever @4 ();
+
+  interface Thing {
+    passThrough @0 () -> Result;
+    intercept @1 () -> Result;
+  }
+
+  struct Result {
+    text @0 :Text;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestContainMembrane {
+  cap @0 :TestMembrane.Thing;
+  list @1 :List(TestMembrane.Thing);
+}
+
+struct TestTransferCap {
+  list @0 :List(Element);
+  struct Element {
+    text @0 :Text;
+    cap @1 :TestInterface;
+  }
+}
+
+interface TestKeywordMethods {
+  delete @0 ();
+  class @1 ();
+  void @2 ();
+  return @3 ();
+}
+
+interface TestAuthenticatedBootstrap(VatId) {
+  getCallerId @0 () -> (caller :VatId);
+}
+
+struct TestSturdyRef {
+  hostId @0 :TestSturdyRefHostId;
+  objectId @1 :AnyPointer;
+}
+
+struct TestSturdyRefHostId {
+  host @0 :Text;
+}
+
+struct TestSturdyRefObjectId {
+  tag @0 :Tag;
+  enum Tag {
+    testInterface @0;
+    testExtends @1;
+    testPipeline @2;
+    testTailCallee @3;
+    testTailCaller @4;
+    testMoreStuff @5;
+  }
+}
+
+struct TestProvisionId {}
+struct TestRecipientId {}
+struct TestThirdPartyCapId {}
+struct TestJoinResult {}
+
+struct TestNameAnnotation $Cxx.name("RenamedStruct") {
+  union {
+    badFieldName @0 :Bool $Cxx.name("goodFieldName");
+    bar @1 :Int8;
+  }
+
+  enum BadlyNamedEnum $Cxx.name("RenamedEnum") {
+    foo @0;
+    bar @1;
+    baz @2 $Cxx.name("qux");
+  }
+
+  anotherBadFieldName @2 :BadlyNamedEnum $Cxx.name("anotherGoodFieldName");
+
+  struct NestedStruct $Cxx.name("RenamedNestedStruct") {
+    badNestedFieldName @0 :Bool $Cxx.name("goodNestedFieldName");
+    anotherBadNestedFieldName @1 :NestedStruct $Cxx.name("anotherGoodNestedFieldName");
+
+    enum DeeplyNestedEnum $Cxx.name("RenamedDeeplyNestedEnum") {
+      quux @0;
+      corge @1;
+      grault @2 $Cxx.name("garply");
+    }
+  }
+
+  badlyNamedUnion :union $Cxx.name("renamedUnion") {
+    badlyNamedGroup :group $Cxx.name("renamedGroup") {
+      foo @3 :Void;
+      bar @4 :Void;
+    }
+    baz @5 :NestedStruct $Cxx.name("qux");
+  }
+}
+
+interface TestNameAnnotationInterface $Cxx.name("RenamedInterface") {
+  badlyNamedMethod @0 (badlyNamedParam :UInt8 $Cxx.name("renamedParam")) $Cxx.name("renamedMethod");
+}
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/annotated-json.binary b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/annotated-json.binary
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c54755184df36aa9d07ef4ee925a624db789ce5
GIT binary patch
literal 544
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zVwBlg+ncO+LPYccGUjwf@6Z`lbYBrIXN0Vxk6Ml;+#z0q|LFzlo)70mpX9BY4D=Rc
zy#hC2jc*rxA>r?`UYAYiC&+gw=t7XRX|<?s8`0Fet-{kN9|o(oDLRN7REQfBRSK#L
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/annotated.json b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/annotated.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb51400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/annotated.json
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{ "names-can_contain!anything Really": "foo",
+  "flatFoo": 123,
+  "flatBar": "abc",
+  "renamed-flatBaz": {"hello": true},
+  "flatQux": "cba",
+  "pfx.foo": "this is a long string in order to force multi-line pretty printing",
+  "pfx.renamed-bar": 321,
+  "pfx.baz": {"hello": true},
+  "pfx.xfp.qux": "fed",
+  "union-type": "renamed-bar",
+  "barMember": 789,
+  "multiMember": "ghi",
+  "dependency": {"renamed-foo": "corge"},
+  "simpleGroup": {"renamed-grault": "garply"},
+  "enums": ["qux", "renamed-bar", "foo", "renamed-baz"],
+  "innerJson": [123, "hello", {"object": true}],
+  "testBase64": "ZnJlZA==",
+  "testHex": "706c756768",
+  "bUnion": "renamed-bar",
+  "bValue": 678,
+  "externalUnion": {"type": "bar", "value": "cba"},
+  "unionWithVoid": {"type": "voidValue"} }
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/binary b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/binary
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GIT binary patch
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diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/errors.capnp.nobuild b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/errors.capnp.nobuild
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a909e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/errors.capnp.nobuild
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
+# Licensed under the MIT License:
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+
+# This file is intended to test that various error cases are detected as errors.  The error
+# output is matched against a golden file.  The file name has the .nobuild extension to make
+# sure that a build system which automatically builds .capnp files does not try to build this one.
+
+#
+
+@0xccd0890aa4926a9b;
+# Can't really test the missing-ID error because the output is intentionally unpredictable.
+
+const notType :Int32 = 123;
+annotation notFieldAnnotation(struct) :Int32;
+annotation fieldAnnotation(field) :Int32;
+
+struct Foo {
+  dupName @0 :Int32;
+  dupName @1 :Int32;
+  dupNumber1 @2 :Int32;
+  dupNumber2 @2 :Int32;
+
+  missingNumber @4 :Int32;
+  next @5 :Int32;
+
+  emptyUnion :union {}
+  emptyGroup :group {}
+
+  singletonUnion :union {
+    field @6 :Int32;
+  }
+
+  union {
+    dupName @7 :Int32;
+    f8 @8 :Int32;
+  }
+  union {
+    f9 @9 :Int32;
+    f10 @10 :Int32;
+  }
+
+  struct wrongTypeStyle {}
+  WrongFieldStyle @11 :Int32;
+  under_score @12 :Int32;
+
+  containsStruct :group {
+    f13 @13 :Int32;
+    struct CantNestHere {}
+  }
+
+  retroUnion @16! :union {
+    f14 @14 :Int32;
+    f15 @15 :Int32;
+  }
+
+  missingColonAndEclamation @18 union {
+    f19 @19 :Int32;
+    f20 @20 :Int32;
+  }
+
+  missingExclamation @21 :union {
+    f22 @22 :Int32;
+    f23 @23 :Int32;
+  }
+
+  missingColon @24! union {
+    f19 @25 :Int32;
+    f20 @26 :Int32;
+  }
+
+  unnamedInNamed :union {
+    f27 @27 :Int32;
+    f28 @28 :Int32;
+    union {
+      # content is ignored
+    }
+  }
+
+  listWithoutParam @31 :List;
+  listWithTooManyParams @32 :List(Int32, Int64);
+  listAnyPointer @33 :List(AnyPointer);
+  notAType @34 :notType;
+  noParams @35 :Foo(Int32);
+
+  defaultOutOfRange @36 :Int16 = 1234567;
+  defaultOutOfRange2 @37 :UInt16 = -1;
+  defaultWrongType @38 :Text = 123;
+  defaultWrongType2 @39 :Text = [123];
+  defaultWrongType3 @40 :Text = (foo = 123, bar = 456);
+  defaultTooBigToBeNegative @41 :Int64 = -0x8000000000000001;
+  defaultNotConstant @42 :Int32 = .Foo;
+  defaultConstantNotQualified @43 :Int32 = notType;
+
+  notAnnotation @44 :Int32 $Foo(123);
+  badAnnotation @45 :Int32 $notFieldAnnotation(123);
+  notVoidAnnotation @46 :Int32 $fieldAnnotation;
+
+  undefinedImport @17 :import "noshuchfile.capnp".Bar;
+  undefinedAbsolute @47 : .NoSuch;
+  undefinedRelative @29 :NoSuch;
+  undefinedMember @30 :Foo.NoSuch;
+}
+
+struct Bar {
+  x @3 :Text;
+  someGroup :group {
+    defaultMissingFieldName @2 :Bar = (x = "abcd", 456);
+    defaultNoSuchField @0 :Bar = (nosuchfield = 123);
+    defaultGroupMismatch @1 :Bar = (someGroup = 123);
+  }
+}
+
+
+using Bar;
+
+enum DupEnumerants {
+  dupName @0;
+  dupName @1;
+  dupNumber1 @2;
+  dupNumber2 @2;
+}
+
+const recursive: UInt32 = .recursive;
+
+struct Generic(T, U) {
+}
+
+struct UseGeneric {
+  tooFew @0 :Generic(Text);
+  tooMany @1 :Generic(Text, Data, List(Int32));
+  doubleBind @2 :Generic(Text, Data)(Data, Text);
+  primitiveBinding @3 :Generic(Text, Int32);
+}
+
+const embedBadType :UInt32 = embed "binary";
+const embedNoSuchFile :Data = embed "no-such-file";
+
+using Baz = import "nosuchfile-unused.capnp".Baz;
+# Check that an import in an unused `using` still reports error.
+
+interface TestInterface {
+  foo @0 (a :UInt32 = null);
+}
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/errors.txt b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed238e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+file:74:30-32: error: As of Cap'n Proto v0.3, it is no longer necessary to assign numbers to unions. However, removing the number will break binary compatibility. If this is an old protocol and you need to retain compatibility, please add an exclamation point after the number to indicate that it is really needed, e.g. `foo @1! :union {`. If this is a new protocol or compatibility doesn't matter, just remove the @n entirely. Sorry for the inconvenience, and thanks for being an early adopter!  :)
+file:74:30-32: error: As of Cap'n Proto v0.3, the 'union' keyword should be prefixed with a colon for named unions, e.g. `foo :union {`.
+file:79:23-25: error: As of Cap'n Proto v0.3, it is no longer necessary to assign numbers to unions. However, removing the number will break binary compatibility. If this is an old protocol and you need to retain compatibility, please add an exclamation point after the number to indicate that it is really needed, e.g. `foo @1! :union {`. If this is a new protocol or compatibility doesn't matter, just remove the @n entirely. Sorry for the inconvenience, and thanks for being an early adopter!  :)
+file:84:17-19: error: As of Cap'n Proto v0.3, the 'union' keyword should be prefixed with a colon for named unions, e.g. `foo :union {`.
+file:132:7-10: error: 'using' declaration without '=' must specify a named declaration from a different scope.
+file:37:3-10: error: 'dupName' is already defined in this scope.
+file:36:3-10: error: 'dupName' previously defined here.
+file:52:5-12: error: 'dupName' is already defined in this scope.
+file:36:3-10: error: 'dupName' previously defined here.
+file:55:3-8: error: An unnamed union is already defined in this scope.
+file:51:3-8: error: Previously defined here.
+file:60:10-24: error: Type names must begin with a capital letter.
+file:61:3-18: error: Non-type names must begin with a lower-case letter.
+file:62:3-14: error: Cap'n Proto declaration names should use camelCase and must not contain underscores. (Code generators may convert names to the appropriate style for the target language.)
+file:66:5-27: error: This kind of declaration doesn't belong here.
+file:44:3-23: error: Union must have at least two members.
+file:45:3-23: error: Group must have at least one member.
+file:47: error: Union must have at least two members.
+file:92: error: Unions cannot contain unnamed unions.
+file:39:15-16: error: Duplicate ordinal number.
+file:38:15-16: error: Ordinal @2 originally used here.
+file:41:18-19: error: Skipped ordinal @3.  Ordinals must be sequential with no holes.
+file:69:15-17: error: Union ordinal, if specified, must be greater than no more than one of its member ordinals (i.e. there can only be one field retroactively unionized).
+file:116:31-50: error: Import failed: noshuchfile.capnp
+file:118:26-32: error: Not defined: NoSuch
+file:119:28-34: error: 'Foo' has no member named 'NoSuch'
+file:97:25-29: error: 'List' requires exactly one parameter.
+file:98:30-48: error: Too many generic parameters.
+file:98:30-34: error: 'List' requires exactly one parameter.
+file:99:23-39: error: 'List(AnyPointer)' is not supported.
+file:100:17-24: error: 'notType' is not a type.
+file:101:17-27: error: Declaration does not accept generic parameters.
+file:103:34-41: error: Integer value out of range.
+file:104:37-38: error: Integer value out of range.
+file:105:32-35: error: Type mismatch; expected Text.
+file:106:33-38: error: Type mismatch; expected Text.
+file:107:33-55: error: Type mismatch; expected Text.
+file:108:43-61: error: Integer is too big to be negative.
+file:109:35-39: error: '.Foo' does not refer to a constant.
+file:110:44-51: error: Constant names must be qualified to avoid confusion.  Please replace 'notType' with '.notType', if that's what you intended.
+file:117:28-34: error: Not defined: NoSuch
+file:112:29-32: error: 'Foo' is not an annotation.
+file:113:29-47: error: 'notFieldAnnotation' cannot be applied to this kind of declaration.
+file:114:33-48: error: 'fieldAnnotation' requires a value.
+file:126:35-46: error: Struct has no field named 'nosuchfield'.
+file:127:49-52: error: Type mismatch; expected group.
+file:125:52-55: error: Missing field name.
+file:136:3-10: error: 'dupName' is already defined in this scope.
+file:135:3-10: error: 'dupName' previously defined here.
+file:138:15-16: error: Duplicate ordinal number.
+file:137:15-16: error: Ordinal @2 originally used here.
+file:141:7-16: error: Declaration recursively depends on itself.
+file:147:14-27: error: Not enough generic parameters.
+file:148:15-47: error: Too many generic parameters.
+file:149:18-49: error: Double-application of generic parameters.
+file:150:38-43: error: Sorry, only pointer types can be used as generic parameters.
+file:153:30-44: error: Embeds can only be used when Text, Data, or a struct is expected.
+file:154:37-51: error: Couldn't read file for embed: no-such-file
+file:160:23-27: error: Only pointer parameters can declare their default as 'null'.
+file:156:20-45: error: Import failed: nosuchfile-unused.capnp
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/flat b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/flat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..427fc31bcd157175204f62674277b46d9e518b2b
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diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/lists.binary b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/lists.binary
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30ae630c0f45e88df949a57ef5f260cee53109c3
GIT binary patch
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literal 0
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diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/packed b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/packed
new file mode 100644
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GIT binary patch
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diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/packedflat b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/packedflat
new file mode 100644
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GIT binary patch
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/pretty.json b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/pretty.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abf82d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/pretty.json
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{ "voidField": null,
+  "boolField": true,
+  "int8Field": -123,
+  "int16Field": -12345,
+  "int32Field": -12345678,
+  "int64Field": "-123456789012345",
+  "uInt8Field": 234,
+  "uInt16Field": 45678,
+  "uInt32Field": 3456789012,
+  "uInt64Field": "12345678901234567890",
+  "float32Field": 1234.5,
+  "float64Field": -1.23e47,
+  "textField": "foo",
+  "dataField": [98, 97, 114],
+  "structField": {
+    "voidField": null,
+    "boolField": true,
+    "int8Field": -12,
+    "int16Field": 3456,
+    "int32Field": -78901234,
+    "int64Field": "56789012345678",
+    "uInt8Field": 90,
+    "uInt16Field": 1234,
+    "uInt32Field": 56789012,
+    "uInt64Field": "345678901234567890",
+    "float32Field": -1.2499999646475857e-10,
+    "float64Field": 345,
+    "textField": "baz",
+    "dataField": [113, 117, 120],
+    "structField": {
+      "voidField": null,
+      "boolField": false,
+      "int8Field": 0,
+      "int16Field": 0,
+      "int32Field": 0,
+      "int64Field": "0",
+      "uInt8Field": 0,
+      "uInt16Field": 0,
+      "uInt32Field": 0,
+      "uInt64Field": "0",
+      "float32Field": 0,
+      "float64Field": 0,
+      "textField": "nested",
+      "structField": {"voidField": null, "boolField": false, "int8Field": 0, "int16Field": 0, "int32Field": 0, "int64Field": "0", "uInt8Field": 0, "uInt16Field": 0, "uInt32Field": 0, "uInt64Field": "0", "float32Field": 0, "float64Field": 0, "textField": "really nested", "enumField": "foo", "interfaceField": null},
+      "enumField": "foo",
+      "interfaceField": null },
+    "enumField": "baz",
+    "interfaceField": null,
+    "voidList": [null, null, null],
+    "boolList": [false, true, false, true, true],
+    "int8List": [12, -34, -128, 127],
+    "int16List": [1234, -5678, -32768, 32767],
+    "int32List": [12345678, -90123456, -2147483648, 2147483647],
+    "int64List": ["123456789012345", "-678901234567890", "-9223372036854775808", "9223372036854775807"],
+    "uInt8List": [12, 34, 0, 255],
+    "uInt16List": [1234, 5678, 0, 65535],
+    "uInt32List": [12345678, 90123456, 0, 4294967295],
+    "uInt64List": ["123456789012345", "678901234567890", "0", "18446744073709551615"],
+    "float32List": [0, 1234567, 9.9999999338158125e36, -9.9999999338158125e36, 9.99999991097579e-38, -9.99999991097579e-38],
+    "float64List": [0, 123456789012345, 1e306, -1e306, 1e-306, -1e-306],
+    "textList": ["quux", "corge", "grault"],
+    "dataList": [[103, 97, 114, 112, 108, 121], [119, 97, 108, 100, 111], [102, 114, 101, 100]],
+    "structList": [
+      {"voidField": null, "boolField": false, "int8Field": 0, "int16Field": 0, "int32Field": 0, "int64Field": "0", "uInt8Field": 0, "uInt16Field": 0, "uInt32Field": 0, "uInt64Field": "0", "float32Field": 0, "float64Field": 0, "textField": "x structlist 1", "enumField": "foo", "interfaceField": null},
+      {"voidField": null, "boolField": false, "int8Field": 0, "int16Field": 0, "int32Field": 0, "int64Field": "0", "uInt8Field": 0, "uInt16Field": 0, "uInt32Field": 0, "uInt64Field": "0", "float32Field": 0, "float64Field": 0, "textField": "x structlist 2", "enumField": "foo", "interfaceField": null},
+      {"voidField": null, "boolField": false, "int8Field": 0, "int16Field": 0, "int32Field": 0, "int64Field": "0", "uInt8Field": 0, "uInt16Field": 0, "uInt32Field": 0, "uInt64Field": "0", "float32Field": 0, "float64Field": 0, "textField": "x structlist 3", "enumField": "foo", "interfaceField": null} ],
+    "enumList": ["qux", "bar", "grault"] },
+  "enumField": "corge",
+  "interfaceField": null,
+  "voidList": [null, null, null, null, null, null],
+  "boolList": [true, false, false, true],
+  "int8List": [111, -111],
+  "int16List": [11111, -11111],
+  "int32List": [111111111, -111111111],
+  "int64List": ["1111111111111111111", "-1111111111111111111"],
+  "uInt8List": [111, 222],
+  "uInt16List": [33333, 44444],
+  "uInt32List": [3333333333],
+  "uInt64List": ["11111111111111111111"],
+  "float32List": [5555.5, "Infinity", "-Infinity", "NaN"],
+  "float64List": [7777.75, "Infinity", "-Infinity", "NaN"],
+  "textList": ["plugh", "xyzzy", "thud"],
+  "dataList": [[111, 111, 112, 115], [101, 120, 104, 97, 117, 115, 116, 101, 100], [114, 102, 99, 51, 48, 57, 50]],
+  "structList": [
+    {"voidField": null, "boolField": false, "int8Field": 0, "int16Field": 0, "int32Field": 0, "int64Field": "0", "uInt8Field": 0, "uInt16Field": 0, "uInt32Field": 0, "uInt64Field": "0", "float32Field": 0, "float64Field": 0, "textField": "structlist 1", "enumField": "foo", "interfaceField": null},
+    {"voidField": null, "boolField": false, "int8Field": 0, "int16Field": 0, "int32Field": 0, "int64Field": "0", "uInt8Field": 0, "uInt16Field": 0, "uInt32Field": 0, "uInt64Field": "0", "float32Field": 0, "float64Field": 0, "textField": "structlist 2", "enumField": "foo", "interfaceField": null},
+    {"voidField": null, "boolField": false, "int8Field": 0, "int16Field": 0, "int32Field": 0, "int64Field": "0", "uInt8Field": 0, "uInt16Field": 0, "uInt32Field": 0, "uInt64Field": "0", "float32Field": 0, "float64Field": 0, "textField": "structlist 3", "enumField": "foo", "interfaceField": null} ],
+  "enumList": ["foo", "garply"] }
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/pretty.txt b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/pretty.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..079ff8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/pretty.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+( voidField = void,
+  boolField = true,
+  int8Field = -123,
+  int16Field = -12345,
+  int32Field = -12345678,
+  int64Field = -123456789012345,
+  uInt8Field = 234,
+  uInt16Field = 45678,
+  uInt32Field = 3456789012,
+  uInt64Field = 12345678901234567890,
+  float32Field = 1234.5,
+  float64Field = -1.23e47,
+  textField = "foo",
+  dataField = "bar",
+  structField = (
+    voidField = void,
+    boolField = true,
+    int8Field = -12,
+    int16Field = 3456,
+    int32Field = -78901234,
+    int64Field = 56789012345678,
+    uInt8Field = 90,
+    uInt16Field = 1234,
+    uInt32Field = 56789012,
+    uInt64Field = 345678901234567890,
+    float32Field = -1.25e-10,
+    float64Field = 345,
+    textField = "baz",
+    dataField = "qux",
+    structField = (
+      voidField = void,
+      boolField = false,
+      int8Field = 0,
+      int16Field = 0,
+      int32Field = 0,
+      int64Field = 0,
+      uInt8Field = 0,
+      uInt16Field = 0,
+      uInt32Field = 0,
+      uInt64Field = 0,
+      float32Field = 0,
+      float64Field = 0,
+      textField = "nested",
+      structField = (
+        voidField = void,
+        boolField = false,
+        int8Field = 0,
+        int16Field = 0,
+        int32Field = 0,
+        int64Field = 0,
+        uInt8Field = 0,
+        uInt16Field = 0,
+        uInt32Field = 0,
+        uInt64Field = 0,
+        float32Field = 0,
+        float64Field = 0,
+        textField = "really nested",
+        enumField = foo,
+        interfaceField = void ),
+      enumField = foo,
+      interfaceField = void ),
+    enumField = baz,
+    interfaceField = void,
+    voidList = [void, void, void],
+    boolList = [false, true, false, true, true],
+    int8List = [12, -34, -128, 127],
+    int16List = [1234, -5678, -32768, 32767],
+    int32List = [12345678, -90123456, -2147483648, 2147483647],
+    int64List = [123456789012345, -678901234567890, -9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807],
+    uInt8List = [12, 34, 0, 255],
+    uInt16List = [1234, 5678, 0, 65535],
+    uInt32List = [12345678, 90123456, 0, 4294967295],
+    uInt64List = [123456789012345, 678901234567890, 0, 18446744073709551615],
+    float32List = [0, 1234567, 1e37, -1e37, 1e-37, -1e-37],
+    float64List = [0, 123456789012345, 1e306, -1e306, 1e-306, -1e-306],
+    textList = ["quux", "corge", "grault"],
+    dataList = ["garply", "waldo", "fred"],
+    structList = [
+      ( voidField = void,
+        boolField = false,
+        int8Field = 0,
+        int16Field = 0,
+        int32Field = 0,
+        int64Field = 0,
+        uInt8Field = 0,
+        uInt16Field = 0,
+        uInt32Field = 0,
+        uInt64Field = 0,
+        float32Field = 0,
+        float64Field = 0,
+        textField = "x structlist 1",
+        enumField = foo,
+        interfaceField = void ),
+      ( voidField = void,
+        boolField = false,
+        int8Field = 0,
+        int16Field = 0,
+        int32Field = 0,
+        int64Field = 0,
+        uInt8Field = 0,
+        uInt16Field = 0,
+        uInt32Field = 0,
+        uInt64Field = 0,
+        float32Field = 0,
+        float64Field = 0,
+        textField = "x structlist 2",
+        enumField = foo,
+        interfaceField = void ),
+      ( voidField = void,
+        boolField = false,
+        int8Field = 0,
+        int16Field = 0,
+        int32Field = 0,
+        int64Field = 0,
+        uInt8Field = 0,
+        uInt16Field = 0,
+        uInt32Field = 0,
+        uInt64Field = 0,
+        float32Field = 0,
+        float64Field = 0,
+        textField = "x structlist 3",
+        enumField = foo,
+        interfaceField = void ) ],
+    enumList = [qux, bar, grault] ),
+  enumField = corge,
+  interfaceField = void,
+  voidList = [void, void, void, void, void, void],
+  boolList = [true, false, false, true],
+  int8List = [111, -111],
+  int16List = [11111, -11111],
+  int32List = [111111111, -111111111],
+  int64List = [1111111111111111111, -1111111111111111111],
+  uInt8List = [111, 222],
+  uInt16List = [33333, 44444],
+  uInt32List = [3333333333],
+  uInt64List = [11111111111111111111],
+  float32List = [5555.5, inf, -inf, nan],
+  float64List = [7777.75, inf, -inf, nan],
+  textList = ["plugh", "xyzzy", "thud"],
+  dataList = ["oops", "exhausted", "rfc3092"],
+  structList = [
+    ( voidField = void,
+      boolField = false,
+      int8Field = 0,
+      int16Field = 0,
+      int32Field = 0,
+      int64Field = 0,
+      uInt8Field = 0,
+      uInt16Field = 0,
+      uInt32Field = 0,
+      uInt64Field = 0,
+      float32Field = 0,
+      float64Field = 0,
+      textField = "structlist 1",
+      enumField = foo,
+      interfaceField = void ),
+    ( voidField = void,
+      boolField = false,
+      int8Field = 0,
+      int16Field = 0,
+      int32Field = 0,
+      int64Field = 0,
+      uInt8Field = 0,
+      uInt16Field = 0,
+      uInt32Field = 0,
+      uInt64Field = 0,
+      float32Field = 0,
+      float64Field = 0,
+      textField = "structlist 2",
+      enumField = foo,
+      interfaceField = void ),
+    ( voidField = void,
+      boolField = false,
+      int8Field = 0,
+      int16Field = 0,
+      int32Field = 0,
+      int64Field = 0,
+      uInt8Field = 0,
+      uInt16Field = 0,
+      uInt32Field = 0,
+      uInt64Field = 0,
+      float32Field = 0,
+      float64Field = 0,
+      textField = "structlist 3",
+      enumField = foo,
+      interfaceField = void ) ],
+  enumList = [foo, garply] )
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/segmented b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/segmented
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2840b426768c0d27fffbed324b0c4893c64c48b
GIT binary patch
literal 5520
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E3Es02*Z=?k

literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/segmented-packed b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/segmented-packed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4a968e2654e699e0dce86ece395e1b3fe783139
GIT binary patch
literal 1352
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/short.json b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/short.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26cbfd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/short.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"voidField":null,"boolField":true,"int8Field":-123,"int16Field":-12345,"int32Field":-12345678,"int64Field":"-123456789012345","uInt8Field":234,"uInt16Field":45678,"uInt32Field":3456789012,"uInt64Field":"12345678901234567890","float32Field":1234.5,"float64Field":-1.23e47,"textField":"foo","dataField":[98,97,114],"structField":{"voidField":null,"boolField":true,"int8Field":-12,"int16Field":3456,"int32Field":-78901234,"int64Field":"56789012345678","uInt8Field":90,"uInt16Field":1234,"uInt32Field":56789012,"uInt64Field":"345678901234567890","float32Field":-1.2499999646475857e-10,"float64Field":345,"textField":"baz","dataField":[113,117,120],"structField":{"voidField":null,"boolField":false,"int8Field":0,"int16Field":0,"int32Field":0,"int64Field":"0","uInt8Field":0,"uInt16Field":0,"uInt32Field":0,"uInt64Field":"0","float32Field":0,"float64Field":0,"textField":"nested","structField":{"voidField":null,"boolField":false,"int8Field":0,"int16Field":0,"int32Field":0,"int64Field":"0","uInt8Field":0,"uInt16Field":0,"uInt32Field":0,"uInt64Field":"0","float32Field":0,"float64Field":0,"textField":"really nested","enumField":"foo","interfaceField":null},"enumField":"foo","interfaceField":null},"enumField":"baz","interfaceField":null,"voidList":[null,null,null],"boolList":[false,true,false,true,true],"int8List":[12,-34,-128,127],"int16List":[1234,-5678,-32768,32767],"int32List":[12345678,-90123456,-2147483648,2147483647],"int64List":["123456789012345","-678901234567890","-9223372036854775808","9223372036854775807"],"uInt8List":[12,34,0,255],"uInt16List":[1234,5678,0,65535],"uInt32List":[12345678,90123456,0,4294967295],"uInt64List":["123456789012345","678901234567890","0","18446744073709551615"],"float32List":[0,1234567,9.9999999338158125e36,-9.9999999338158125e36,9.99999991097579e-38,-9.99999991097579e-38],"float64List":[0,123456789012345,1e306,-1e306,1e-306,-1e-306],"textList":["quux","corge","grault"],"dataList":[[103,97,114,112,108,121],[119,97,108,100,111],[102,114,101,100]],"structList":[{"voidField":null,"boolField":false,"int8Field":0,"int16Field":0,"int32Field":0,"int64Field":"0","uInt8Field":0,"uInt16Field":0,"uInt32Field":0,"uInt64Field":"0","float32Field":0,"float64Field":0,"textField":"x structlist 1","enumField":"foo","interfaceField":null},{"voidField":null,"boolField":false,"int8Field":0,"int16Field":0,"int32Field":0,"int64Field":"0","uInt8Field":0,"uInt16Field":0,"uInt32Field":0,"uInt64Field":"0","float32Field":0,"float64Field":0,"textField":"x structlist 2","enumField":"foo","interfaceField":null},{"voidField":null,"boolField":false,"int8Field":0,"int16Field":0,"int32Field":0,"int64Field":"0","uInt8Field":0,"uInt16Field":0,"uInt32Field":0,"uInt64Field":"0","float32Field":0,"float64Field":0,"textField":"x structlist 3","enumField":"foo","interfaceField":null}],"enumList":["qux","bar","grault"]},"enumField":"corge","interfaceField":null,"voidList":[null,null,null,null,null,null],"boolList":[true,false,false,true],"int8List":[111,-111],"int16List":[11111,-11111],"int32List":[111111111,-111111111],"int64List":["1111111111111111111","-1111111111111111111"],"uInt8List":[111,222],"uInt16List":[33333,44444],"uInt32List":[3333333333],"uInt64List":["11111111111111111111"],"float32List":[5555.5,"Infinity","-Infinity","NaN"],"float64List":[7777.75,"Infinity","-Infinity","NaN"],"textList":["plugh","xyzzy","thud"],"dataList":[[111,111,112,115],[101,120,104,97,117,115,116,101,100],[114,102,99,51,48,57,50]],"structList":[{"voidField":null,"boolField":false,"int8Field":0,"int16Field":0,"int32Field":0,"int64Field":"0","uInt8Field":0,"uInt16Field":0,"uInt32Field":0,"uInt64Field":"0","float32Field":0,"float64Field":0,"textField":"structlist 1","enumField":"foo","interfaceField":null},{"voidField":null,"boolField":false,"int8Field":0,"int16Field":0,"int32Field":0,"int64Field":"0","uInt8Field":0,"uInt16Field":0,"uInt32Field":0,"uInt64Field":"0","float32Field":0,"float64Field":0,"textField":"structlist 2","enumField":"foo","interfaceField":null},{"voidField":null,"boolField":false,"int8Field":0,"int16Field":0,"int32Field":0,"int64Field":"0","uInt8Field":0,"uInt16Field":0,"uInt32Field":0,"uInt64Field":"0","float32Field":0,"float64Field":0,"textField":"structlist 3","enumField":"foo","interfaceField":null}],"enumList":["foo","garply"]}
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/short.txt b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/short.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d738fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/capnp/testdata/short.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+(voidField = void, boolField = true, int8Field = -123, int16Field = -12345, int32Field = -12345678, int64Field = -123456789012345, uInt8Field = 234, uInt16Field = 45678, uInt32Field = 3456789012, uInt64Field = 12345678901234567890, float32Field = 1234.5, float64Field = -1.23e47, textField = "foo", dataField = "bar", structField = (voidField = void, boolField = true, int8Field = -12, int16Field = 3456, int32Field = -78901234, int64Field = 56789012345678, uInt8Field = 90, uInt16Field = 1234, uInt32Field = 56789012, uInt64Field = 345678901234567890, float32Field = -1.25e-10, float64Field = 345, textField = "baz", dataField = "qux", structField = (voidField = void, boolField = false, int8Field = 0, int16Field = 0, int32Field = 0, int64Field = 0, uInt8Field = 0, uInt16Field = 0, uInt32Field = 0, uInt64Field = 0, float32Field = 0, float64Field = 0, textField = "nested", structField = (voidField = void, boolField = false, int8Field = 0, int16Field = 0, int32Field = 0, int64Field = 0, uInt8Field = 0, uInt16Field = 0, uInt32Field = 0, uInt64Field = 0, float32Field = 0, float64Field = 0, textField = "really nested", enumField = foo, interfaceField = void), enumField = foo, interfaceField = void), enumField = baz, interfaceField = void, voidList = [void, void, void], boolList = [false, true, false, true, true], int8List = [12, -34, -128, 127], int16List = [1234, -5678, -32768, 32767], int32List = [12345678, -90123456, -2147483648, 2147483647], int64List = [123456789012345, -678901234567890, -9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807], uInt8List = [12, 34, 0, 255], uInt16List = [1234, 5678, 0, 65535], uInt32List = [12345678, 90123456, 0, 4294967295], uInt64List = [123456789012345, 678901234567890, 0, 18446744073709551615], float32List = [0, 1234567, 1e37, -1e37, 1e-37, -1e-37], float64List = [0, 123456789012345, 1e306, -1e306, 1e-306, -1e-306], textList = ["quux", "corge", "grault"], dataList = ["garply", "waldo", "fred"], structList = [(voidField = void, boolField = false, int8Field = 0, int16Field = 0, int32Field = 0, int64Field = 0, uInt8Field = 0, uInt16Field = 0, uInt32Field = 0, uInt64Field = 0, float32Field = 0, float64Field = 0, textField = "x structlist 1", enumField = foo, interfaceField = void), (voidField = void, boolField = false, int8Field = 0, int16Field = 0, int32Field = 0, int64Field = 0, uInt8Field = 0, uInt16Field = 0, uInt32Field = 0, uInt64Field = 0, float32Field = 0, float64Field = 0, textField = "x structlist 2", enumField = foo, interfaceField = void), (voidField = void, boolField = false, int8Field = 0, int16Field = 0, int32Field = 0, int64Field = 0, uInt8Field = 0, uInt16Field = 0, uInt32Field = 0, uInt64Field = 0, float32Field = 0, float64Field = 0, textField = "x structlist 3", enumField = foo, interfaceField = void)], enumList = [qux, bar, grault]), enumField = corge, interfaceField = void, voidList = [void, void, void, void, void, void], boolList = [true, false, false, true], int8List = [111, -111], int16List = [11111, -11111], int32List = [111111111, -111111111], int64List = [1111111111111111111, -1111111111111111111], uInt8List = [111, 222], uInt16List = [33333, 44444], uInt32List = [3333333333], uInt64List = [11111111111111111111], float32List = [5555.5, inf, -inf, nan], float64List = [7777.75, inf, -inf, nan], textList = ["plugh", "xyzzy", "thud"], dataList = ["oops", "exhausted", "rfc3092"], structList = [(voidField = void, boolField = false, int8Field = 0, int16Field = 0, int32Field = 0, int64Field = 0, uInt8Field = 0, uInt16Field = 0, uInt32Field = 0, uInt64Field = 0, float32Field = 0, float64Field = 0, textField = "structlist 1", enumField = foo, interfaceField = void), (voidField = void, boolField = false, int8Field = 0, int16Field = 0, int32Field = 0, int64Field = 0, uInt8Field = 0, uInt16Field = 0, uInt32Field = 0, uInt64Field = 0, float32Field = 0, float64Field = 0, textField = "structlist 2", enumField = foo, interfaceField = void), (voidField = void, boolField = false, int8Field = 0, int16Field = 0, int32Field = 0, int64Field = 0, uInt8Field = 0, uInt16Field = 0, uInt32Field = 0, uInt64Field = 0, float32Field = 0, float64Field = 0, textField = "structlist 3", enumField = foo, interfaceField = void)], enumList = [foo, garply])
diff --git a/MsBuildGenerationTest/nuget.config b/MsBuildGenerationTest/nuget.config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..862b371
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MsBuildGenerationTest/nuget.config
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<configuration>
+    <config>        
+        <add key="repositoryPath" value="..\packages" />
+        <add key="globalPackagesFolder" value="..\globalPackages" />
+    </config>
+    <packageSources>
+        <add key="MsBuildGenerationSource" value="..\bin\Release" />
+    </packageSources>
+</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/appveyor.yml b/appveyor.yml
index f7db4e5..82c87b2 100644
--- a/appveyor.yml
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ build_script:
 after_build:
   # For once the build has completed
 artifacts:
- - path: Capnp.Net.Runtime\bin\Release\Capnp.Net.Runtime.$(appveyor_build_version).nupkg
+ - path: bin\Release\Capnp.Net.Runtime.$(appveyor_build_version).nupkg
    name: Capnp.Net.Runtime
    type: NuGetPackage
- - path: CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation\bin\Release\CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.$(appveyor_build_version).nupkg
+ - path: bin\Release\CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation.$(appveyor_build_version).nupkg
    name: CapnpC.CSharp.MsBuild.Generation
    type: NuGetPackage
  - path: chocolatey\install\capnpc-csharp-win-x86.$(appveyor_build_version).nupkg
diff --git a/capnpc-csharp/capnpc-csharp.csproj b/capnpc-csharp/capnpc-csharp.csproj
index 4c58994..5895299 100644
--- a/capnpc-csharp/capnpc-csharp.csproj
+++ b/capnpc-csharp/capnpc-csharp.csproj
@@ -14,10 +14,7 @@
     <RepositoryType>Git</RepositoryType>
     <PackageTags>capnp capnpc RPC serialization cerealization</PackageTags>
     <Version>1.0.0</Version>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
-  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|AnyCPU'">
-    <OutputPath></OutputPath>
+    <Configurations>Debug;Release</Configurations>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/test.capnp.bin b/test.capnp.bin
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000