/**
 * State-based routing for AngularJS
 * @version v0.2.7
 * @link http://angular-ui.github.com/
 * @license MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT
 */

/* commonjs package manager support (eg componentjs) */
if (typeof module !== "undefined" && typeof exports !== "undefined" && module.exports === exports){
  module.exports = 'ui.router';
}

(function (window, angular, undefined) {
  /*jshint globalstrict:true*/
  /*global angular:false*/
  'use strict';

  var isDefined = angular.isDefined,
      isFunction = angular.isFunction,
      isString = angular.isString,
      isObject = angular.isObject,
      isArray = angular.isArray,
      forEach = angular.forEach,
      extend = angular.extend,
      copy = angular.copy;

  function inherit(parent, extra) {
    return extend(new (extend(function() {}, { prototype: parent }))(), extra);
  }

  function merge(dst) {
    forEach(arguments, function(obj) {
      if (obj !== dst) {
        forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
          if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) dst[key] = value;
        });
      }
    });
    return dst;
  }

  /**
   * Finds the common ancestor path between two states.
   *
   * @param {Object} first The first state.
   * @param {Object} second The second state.
   * @return {Array} Returns an array of state names in descending order, not including the root.
   */
  function ancestors(first, second) {
    var path = [];

    for (var n in first.path) {
      if (first.path[n] === "") continue;
      if (!second.path[n]) break;
      path.push(first.path[n]);
    }
    return path;
  }

  /**
   * IE8-safe wrapper for `Object.keys()`.
   *
   * @param {Object} object A JavaScript object.
   * @return {Array} Returns the keys of the object as an array.
   */
  function keys(object) {
    if (Object.keys) {
      return Object.keys(object);
    }
    var result = [];

    angular.forEach(object, function(val, key) {
      result.push(key);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * IE8-safe wrapper for `Array.prototype.indexOf()`.
   *
   * @param {Array} array A JavaScript array.
   * @param {*} value A value to search the array for.
   * @return {Number} Returns the array index value of `value`, or `-1` if not present.
   */
  function arraySearch(array, value) {
    if (Array.prototype.indexOf) {
      return array.indexOf(value, Number(arguments[2]) || 0);
    }
    var len = array.length >>> 0, from = Number(arguments[2]) || 0;
    from = (from < 0) ? Math.ceil(from) : Math.floor(from);

    if (from < 0) from += len;

    for (; from < len; from++) {
      if (from in array && array[from] === value) return from;
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Merges a set of parameters with all parameters inherited between the common parents of the
   * current state and a given destination state.
   *
   * @param {Object} currentParams The value of the current state parameters ($stateParams).
   * @param {Object} newParams The set of parameters which will be composited with inherited params.
   * @param {Object} $current Internal definition of object representing the current state.
   * @param {Object} $to Internal definition of object representing state to transition to.
   */
  function inheritParams(currentParams, newParams, $current, $to) {
    var parents = ancestors($current, $to), parentParams, inherited = {}, inheritList = [];

    for (var i in parents) {
      if (!parents[i].params || !parents[i].params.length) continue;
      parentParams = parents[i].params;

      for (var j in parentParams) {
        if (arraySearch(inheritList, parentParams[j]) >= 0) continue;
        inheritList.push(parentParams[j]);
        inherited[parentParams[j]] = currentParams[parentParams[j]];
      }
    }
    return extend({}, inherited, newParams);
  }

  /**
   * Normalizes a set of values to string or `null`, filtering them by a list of keys.
   *
   * @param {Array} keys The list of keys to normalize/return.
   * @param {Object} values An object hash of values to normalize.
   * @return {Object} Returns an object hash of normalized string values.
   */
  function normalize(keys, values) {
    var normalized = {};

    forEach(keys, function (name) {
      var value = values[name];
      normalized[name] = (value != null) ? String(value) : null;
    });
    return normalized;
  }

  /**
   * Performs a non-strict comparison of the subset of two objects, defined by a list of keys.
   *
   * @param {Object} a The first object.
   * @param {Object} b The second object.
   * @param {Array} keys The list of keys within each object to compare. If the list is empty or not specified,
   *                     it defaults to the list of keys in `a`.
   * @return {Boolean} Returns `true` if the keys match, otherwise `false`.
   */
  function equalForKeys(a, b, keys) {
    if (!keys) {
      keys = [];
      for (var n in a) keys.push(n); // Used instead of Object.keys() for IE8 compatibility
    }

    for (var i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
      var k = keys[i];
      if (a[k] != b[k]) return false; // Not '===', values aren't necessarily normalized
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the subset of an object, based on a list of keys.
   *
   * @param {Array} keys
   * @param {Object} values
   * @return {Boolean} Returns a subset of `values`.
   */
  function filterByKeys(keys, values) {
    var filtered = {};

    forEach(keys, function (name) {
      filtered[name] = values[name];
    });
    return filtered;
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.util', ['ng']);
  angular.module('ui.router.router', ['ui.router.util']);
  angular.module('ui.router.state', ['ui.router.router', 'ui.router.util']);
  angular.module('ui.router', ['ui.router.state']);
  angular.module('ui.router.compat', ['ui.router']);


  /**
   * Service (`ui-util`). Manages resolution of (acyclic) graphs of promises.
   * @module $resolve
   * @requires $q
   * @requires $injector
   */
  $Resolve.$inject = ['$q', '$injector'];
  function $Resolve(  $q,    $injector) {

    var VISIT_IN_PROGRESS = 1,
        VISIT_DONE = 2,
        NOTHING = {},
        NO_DEPENDENCIES = [],
        NO_LOCALS = NOTHING,
        NO_PARENT = extend($q.when(NOTHING), { $$promises: NOTHING, $$values: NOTHING });


    /**
     * Studies a set of invocables that are likely to be used multiple times.
     *      $resolve.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self)
     * is equivalent to
     *      $resolve.resolve(invocables, locals, parent, self)
     * but the former is more efficient (in fact `resolve` just calls `study` internally).
     * See {@link module:$resolve/resolve} for details.
     * @function
     * @param {Object} invocables
     * @return {Function}
     */
    this.study = function (invocables) {
      if (!isObject(invocables)) throw new Error("'invocables' must be an object");

      // Perform a topological sort of invocables to build an ordered plan
      var plan = [], cycle = [], visited = {};
      function visit(value, key) {
        if (visited[key] === VISIT_DONE) return;

        cycle.push(key);
        if (visited[key] === VISIT_IN_PROGRESS) {
          cycle.splice(0, cycle.indexOf(key));
          throw new Error("Cyclic dependency: " + cycle.join(" -> "));
        }
        visited[key] = VISIT_IN_PROGRESS;

        if (isString(value)) {
          plan.push(key, [ function() { return $injector.get(value); }], NO_DEPENDENCIES);
        } else {
          var params = $injector.annotate(value);
          forEach(params, function (param) {
            if (param !== key && invocables.hasOwnProperty(param)) visit(invocables[param], param);
          });
          plan.push(key, value, params);
        }

        cycle.pop();
        visited[key] = VISIT_DONE;
      }
      forEach(invocables, visit);
      invocables = cycle = visited = null; // plan is all that's required

      function isResolve(value) {
        return isObject(value) && value.then && value.$$promises;
      }

      return function (locals, parent, self) {
        if (isResolve(locals) && self === undefined) {
          self = parent; parent = locals; locals = null;
        }
        if (!locals) locals = NO_LOCALS;
        else if (!isObject(locals)) {
          throw new Error("'locals' must be an object");
        }
        if (!parent) parent = NO_PARENT;
        else if (!isResolve(parent)) {
          throw new Error("'parent' must be a promise returned by $resolve.resolve()");
        }

        // To complete the overall resolution, we have to wait for the parent
        // promise and for the promise for each invokable in our plan.
        var resolution = $q.defer(),
            result = resolution.promise,
            promises = result.$$promises = {},
            values = extend({}, locals),
            wait = 1 + plan.length/3,
            merged = false;

        function done() {
          // Merge parent values we haven't got yet and publish our own $$values
          if (!--wait) {
            if (!merged) merge(values, parent.$$values);
            result.$$values = values;
            result.$$promises = true; // keep for isResolve()
            resolution.resolve(values);
          }
        }

        function fail(reason) {
          result.$$failure = reason;
          resolution.reject(reason);
        }

        // Short-circuit if parent has already failed
        if (isDefined(parent.$$failure)) {
          fail(parent.$$failure);
          return result;
        }

        // Merge parent values if the parent has already resolved, or merge
        // parent promises and wait if the parent resolve is still in progress.
        if (parent.$$values) {
          merged = merge(values, parent.$$values);
          done();
        } else {
          extend(promises, parent.$$promises);
          parent.then(done, fail);
        }

        // Process each invocable in the plan, but ignore any where a local of the same name exists.
        for (var i=0, ii=plan.length; i<ii; i+=3) {
          if (locals.hasOwnProperty(plan[i])) done();
          else invoke(plan[i], plan[i+1], plan[i+2]);
        }

        function invoke(key, invocable, params) {
          // Create a deferred for this invocation. Failures will propagate to the resolution as well.
          var invocation = $q.defer(), waitParams = 0;
          function onfailure(reason) {
            invocation.reject(reason);
            fail(reason);
          }
          // Wait for any parameter that we have a promise for (either from parent or from this
          // resolve; in that case study() will have made sure it's ordered before us in the plan).
          forEach(params, function (dep) {
            if (promises.hasOwnProperty(dep) && !locals.hasOwnProperty(dep)) {
              waitParams++;
              promises[dep].then(function (result) {
                values[dep] = result;
                if (!(--waitParams)) proceed();
              }, onfailure);
            }
          });
          if (!waitParams) proceed();
          function proceed() {
            if (isDefined(result.$$failure)) return;
            try {
              invocation.resolve($injector.invoke(invocable, self, values));
              invocation.promise.then(function (result) {
                values[key] = result;
                done();
              }, onfailure);
            } catch (e) {
              onfailure(e);
            }
          }
          // Publish promise synchronously; invocations further down in the plan may depend on it.
          promises[key] = invocation.promise;
        }

        return result;
      };
    };

    /**
     * Resolves a set of invocables. An invocable is a function to be invoked via `$injector.invoke()`,
     * and can have an arbitrary number of dependencies. An invocable can either return a value directly,
     * or a `$q` promise. If a promise is returned it will be resolved and the resulting value will be
     * used instead. Dependencies of invocables are resolved (in this order of precedence)
     *
     * - from the specified `locals`
     * - from another invocable that is part of this `$resolve` call
     * - from an invocable that is inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` (or recursively
     *   from any ancestor `$resolve` of that parent).
     *
     * The return value of `$resolve` is a promise for an object that contains (in this order of precedence)
     *
     * - any `locals` (if specified)
     * - the resolved return values of all injectables
     * - any values inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` (if specified)
     *
     * The promise will resolve after the `parent` promise (if any) and all promises returned by injectables
     * have been resolved. If any invocable (or `$injector.invoke`) throws an exception, or if a promise
     * returned by an invocable is rejected, the `$resolve` promise is immediately rejected with the same error.
     * A rejection of a `parent` promise (if specified) will likewise be propagated immediately. Once the
     * `$resolve` promise has been rejected, no further invocables will be called.
     *
     * Cyclic dependencies between invocables are not permitted and will caues `$resolve` to throw an
     * error. As a special case, an injectable can depend on a parameter with the same name as the injectable,
     * which will be fulfilled from the `parent` injectable of the same name. This allows inherited values
     * to be decorated. Note that in this case any other injectable in the same `$resolve` with the same
     * dependency would see the decorated value, not the inherited value.
     *
     * Note that missing dependencies -- unlike cyclic dependencies -- will cause an (asynchronous) rejection
     * of the `$resolve` promise rather than a (synchronous) exception.
     *
     * Invocables are invoked eagerly as soon as all dependencies are available. This is true even for
     * dependencies inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve`.
     *
     * As a special case, an invocable can be a string, in which case it is taken to be a service name
     * to be passed to `$injector.get()`. This is supported primarily for backwards-compatibility with the
     * `resolve` property of `$routeProvider` routes.
     *
     * @function
     * @param {Object.<string, Function|string>} invocables  functions to invoke or `$injector` services to fetch.
     * @param {Object.<string, *>} [locals]  values to make available to the injectables
     * @param {Promise.<Object>} [parent]  a promise returned by another call to `$resolve`.
     * @param {Object} [self]  the `this` for the invoked methods
     * @return {Promise.<Object>}  Promise for an object that contains the resolved return value
     *    of all invocables, as well as any inherited and local values.
     */
    this.resolve = function (invocables, locals, parent, self) {
      return this.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self);
    };
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.util').service('$resolve', $Resolve);


  /**
   * Service. Manages loading of templates.
   * @constructor
   * @name $templateFactory
   * @requires $http
   * @requires $templateCache
   * @requires $injector
   */
  $TemplateFactory.$inject = ['$http', '$templateCache', '$injector'];
  function $TemplateFactory(  $http,   $templateCache,   $injector) {

    /**
     * Creates a template from a configuration object.
     * @function
     * @name $templateFactory#fromConfig
     * @methodOf $templateFactory
     * @param {Object} config  Configuration object for which to load a template. The following
     *    properties are search in the specified order, and the first one that is defined is
     *    used to create the template:
     * @param {string|Function} config.template  html string template or function to load via
     *    {@link $templateFactory#fromString fromString}.
     * @param {string|Function} config.templateUrl  url to load or a function returning the url
     *    to load via {@link $templateFactory#fromUrl fromUrl}.
     * @param {Function} config.templateProvider  function to invoke via
     *    {@link $templateFactory#fromProvider fromProvider}.
     * @param {Object} params  Parameters to pass to the template function.
     * @param {Object} [locals] Locals to pass to `invoke` if the template is loaded via a
     *      `templateProvider`. Defaults to `{ params: params }`.
     * @return {string|Promise.<string>}  The template html as a string, or a promise for that string,
     *      or `null` if no template is configured.
     */
    this.fromConfig = function (config, params, locals) {
      return (
          isDefined(config.template) ? this.fromString(config.template, params) :
              isDefined(config.templateUrl) ? this.fromUrl(config.templateUrl, params) :
                  isDefined(config.templateProvider) ? this.fromProvider(config.templateProvider, params, locals) :
                      null
          );
    };

    /**
     * Creates a template from a string or a function returning a string.
     * @function
     * @name $templateFactory#fromString
     * @methodOf $templateFactory
     * @param {string|Function} template  html template as a string or function that returns an html
     *      template as a string.
     * @param {Object} params  Parameters to pass to the template function.
     * @return {string|Promise.<string>}  The template html as a string, or a promise for that string.
     */
    this.fromString = function (template, params) {
      return isFunction(template) ? template(params) : template;
    };

    /**
     * Loads a template from the a URL via `$http` and `$templateCache`.
     * @function
     * @name $templateFactory#fromUrl
     * @methodOf $templateFactory
     * @param {string|Function} url  url of the template to load, or a function that returns a url.
     * @param {Object} params  Parameters to pass to the url function.
     * @return {string|Promise.<string>}  The template html as a string, or a promise for that string.
     */
    this.fromUrl = function (url, params) {
      if (isFunction(url)) url = url(params);
      if (url == null) return null;
      else return $http
          .get(url, { cache: $templateCache })
          .then(function(response) { return response.data; });
    };

    /**
     * Creates a template by invoking an injectable provider function.
     * @function
     * @name $templateFactory#fromUrl
     * @methodOf $templateFactory
     * @param {Function} provider Function to invoke via `$injector.invoke`
     * @param {Object} params Parameters for the template.
     * @param {Object} [locals] Locals to pass to `invoke`. Defaults to `{ params: params }`.
     * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise for that string.
     */
    this.fromProvider = function (provider, params, locals) {
      return $injector.invoke(provider, null, locals || { params: params });
    };
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.util').service('$templateFactory', $TemplateFactory);

  /**
   * Matches URLs against patterns and extracts named parameters from the path or the search
   * part of the URL. A URL pattern consists of a path pattern, optionally followed by '?' and a list
   * of search parameters. Multiple search parameter names are separated by '&'. Search parameters
   * do not influence whether or not a URL is matched, but their values are passed through into
   * the matched parameters returned by {@link UrlMatcher#exec exec}.
   *
   * Path parameter placeholders can be specified using simple colon/catch-all syntax or curly brace
   * syntax, which optionally allows a regular expression for the parameter to be specified:
   *
   * * ':' name - colon placeholder
   * * '*' name - catch-all placeholder
   * * '{' name '}' - curly placeholder
   * * '{' name ':' regexp '}' - curly placeholder with regexp. Should the regexp itself contain
   *   curly braces, they must be in matched pairs or escaped with a backslash.
   *
   * Parameter names may contain only word characters (latin letters, digits, and underscore) and
   * must be unique within the pattern (across both path and search parameters). For colon
   * placeholders or curly placeholders without an explicit regexp, a path parameter matches any
   * number of characters other than '/'. For catch-all placeholders the path parameter matches
   * any number of characters.
   *
   * ### Examples
   *
   * * '/hello/' - Matches only if the path is exactly '/hello/'. There is no special treatment for
   *   trailing slashes, and patterns have to match the entire path, not just a prefix.
   * * '/user/:id' - Matches '/user/bob' or '/user/1234!!!' or even '/user/' but not '/user' or
   *   '/user/bob/details'. The second path segment will be captured as the parameter 'id'.
   * * '/user/{id}' - Same as the previous example, but using curly brace syntax.
   * * '/user/{id:[^/]*}' - Same as the previous example.
   * * '/user/{id:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,8}}' - Similar to the previous example, but only matches if the id
   *   parameter consists of 1 to 8 hex digits.
   * * '/files/{path:.*}' - Matches any URL starting with '/files/' and captures the rest of the
   *   path into the parameter 'path'.
   * * '/files/*path' - ditto.
   *
   * @constructor
   * @param {string} pattern  the pattern to compile into a matcher.
   *
   * @property {string} prefix  A static prefix of this pattern. The matcher guarantees that any
   *   URL matching this matcher (i.e. any string for which {@link UrlMatcher#exec exec()} returns
   *   non-null) will start with this prefix.
   */
  function UrlMatcher(pattern) {

    // Find all placeholders and create a compiled pattern, using either classic or curly syntax:
    //   '*' name
    //   ':' name
    //   '{' name '}'
    //   '{' name ':' regexp '}'
    // The regular expression is somewhat complicated due to the need to allow curly braces
    // inside the regular expression. The placeholder regexp breaks down as follows:
    //    ([:*])(\w+)               classic placeholder ($1 / $2)
    //    \{(\w+)(?:\:( ... ))?\}   curly brace placeholder ($3) with optional regexp ... ($4)
    //    (?: ... | ... | ... )+    the regexp consists of any number of atoms, an atom being either
    //    [^{}\\]+                  - anything other than curly braces or backslash
    //    \\.                       - a backslash escape
    //    \{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\}     - a matched set of curly braces containing other atoms
    var placeholder = /([:*])(\w+)|\{(\w+)(?:\:((?:[^{}\\]+|\\.|\{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\})+))?\}/g,
        names = {}, compiled = '^', last = 0, m,
        segments = this.segments = [],
        params = this.params = [];

    function addParameter(id) {
      if (!/^\w+(-+\w+)*$/.test(id)) throw new Error("Invalid parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
      if (names[id]) throw new Error("Duplicate parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
      names[id] = true;
      params.push(id);
    }

    function quoteRegExp(string) {
      return string.replace(/[\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]/g, "\\$&");
    }

    this.source = pattern;

    // Split into static segments separated by path parameter placeholders.
    // The number of segments is always 1 more than the number of parameters.
    var id, regexp, segment;
    while ((m = placeholder.exec(pattern))) {
      id = m[2] || m[3]; // IE[78] returns '' for unmatched groups instead of null
      regexp = m[4] || (m[1] == '*' ? '.*' : '[^/]*');
      segment = pattern.substring(last, m.index);
      if (segment.indexOf('?') >= 0) break; // we're into the search part
      compiled += quoteRegExp(segment) + '(' + regexp + ')';
      addParameter(id);
      segments.push(segment);
      last = placeholder.lastIndex;
    }
    segment = pattern.substring(last);

    // Find any search parameter names and remove them from the last segment
    var i = segment.indexOf('?');
    if (i >= 0) {
      var search = this.sourceSearch = segment.substring(i);
      segment = segment.substring(0, i);
      this.sourcePath = pattern.substring(0, last+i);

      // Allow parameters to be separated by '?' as well as '&' to make concat() easier
      forEach(search.substring(1).split(/[&?]/), addParameter);
    } else {
      this.sourcePath = pattern;
      this.sourceSearch = '';
    }

    compiled += quoteRegExp(segment) + '$';
    segments.push(segment);
    this.regexp = new RegExp(compiled);
    this.prefix = segments[0];
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new matcher for a pattern constructed by appending the path part and adding the
   * search parameters of the specified pattern to this pattern. The current pattern is not
   * modified. This can be understood as creating a pattern for URLs that are relative to (or
   * suffixes of) the current pattern.
   *
   * ### Example
   * The following two matchers are equivalent:
   * ```
   * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q').concat('/details?date');
   * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}/details?q&date');
   * ```
   *
   * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to append.
   * @return {UrlMatcher}  A matcher for the concatenated pattern.
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.concat = function (pattern) {
    // Because order of search parameters is irrelevant, we can add our own search
    // parameters to the end of the new pattern. Parse the new pattern by itself
    // and then join the bits together, but it's much easier to do this on a string level.
    return new UrlMatcher(this.sourcePath + pattern + this.sourceSearch);
  };

  UrlMatcher.prototype.toString = function () {
    return this.source;
  };

  /**
   * Tests the specified path against this matcher, and returns an object containing the captured
   * parameter values, or null if the path does not match. The returned object contains the values
   * of any search parameters that are mentioned in the pattern, but their value may be null if
   * they are not present in `searchParams`. This means that search parameters are always treated
   * as optional.
   *
   * ### Example
   * ```
   * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q&r').exec('/user/bob', { x:'1', q:'hello' });
   * // returns { id:'bob', q:'hello', r:null }
   * ```
   *
   * @param {string} path  The URL path to match, e.g. `$location.path()`.
   * @param {Object} searchParams  URL search parameters, e.g. `$location.search()`.
   * @return {Object}  The captured parameter values.
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.exec = function (path, searchParams) {
    var m = this.regexp.exec(path);
    if (!m) return null;

    var params = this.params, nTotal = params.length,
        nPath = this.segments.length-1,
        values = {}, i;

    if (nPath !== m.length - 1) throw new Error("Unbalanced capture group in route '" + this.source + "'");

    for (i=0; i<nPath; i++) values[params[i]] = m[i+1];
    for (/**/; i<nTotal; i++) values[params[i]] = searchParams[params[i]];

    return values;
  };

  /**
   * Returns the names of all path and search parameters of this pattern in an unspecified order.
   * @return {Array.<string>}  An array of parameter names. Must be treated as read-only. If the
   *    pattern has no parameters, an empty array is returned.
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.parameters = function () {
    return this.params;
  };

  /**
   * Creates a URL that matches this pattern by substituting the specified values
   * for the path and search parameters. Null values for path parameters are
   * treated as empty strings.
   *
   * ### Example
   * ```
   * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q').format({ id:'bob', q:'yes' });
   * // returns '/user/bob?q=yes'
   * ```
   *
   * @param {Object} values  the values to substitute for the parameters in this pattern.
   * @return {string}  the formatted URL (path and optionally search part).
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.format = function (values) {
    var segments = this.segments, params = this.params;
    if (!values) return segments.join('');

    var nPath = segments.length-1, nTotal = params.length,
        result = segments[0], i, search, value;

    for (i=0; i<nPath; i++) {
      value = values[params[i]];
      // TODO: Maybe we should throw on null here? It's not really good style to use '' and null interchangeabley
      if (value != null) result += encodeURIComponent(value);
      result += segments[i+1];
    }
    for (/**/; i<nTotal; i++) {
      value = values[params[i]];
      if (value != null) {
        result += (search ? '&' : '?') + params[i] + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value);
        search = true;
      }
    }

    return result;
  };

  /**
   * Service. Factory for {@link UrlMatcher} instances. The factory is also available to providers
   * under the name `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
   * @constructor
   * @name $urlMatcherFactory
   */
  function $UrlMatcherFactory() {
    /**
     * Creates a {@link UrlMatcher} for the specified pattern.
     * @function
     * @name $urlMatcherFactory#compile
     * @methodOf $urlMatcherFactory
     * @param {string} pattern  The URL pattern.
     * @return {UrlMatcher}  The UrlMatcher.
     */
    this.compile = function (pattern) {
      return new UrlMatcher(pattern);
    };

    /**
     * Returns true if the specified object is a UrlMatcher, or false otherwise.
     * @function
     * @name $urlMatcherFactory#isMatcher
     * @methodOf $urlMatcherFactory
     * @param {Object} o
     * @return {boolean}
     */
    this.isMatcher = function (o) {
      return isObject(o) && isFunction(o.exec) && isFunction(o.format) && isFunction(o.concat);
    };

    this.$get = function () {
      return this;
    };
  }

// Register as a provider so it's available to other providers
  angular.module('ui.router.util').provider('$urlMatcherFactory', $UrlMatcherFactory);


  $UrlRouterProvider.$inject = ['$urlMatcherFactoryProvider'];
  function $UrlRouterProvider(  $urlMatcherFactory) {
    var rules = [],
        otherwise = null;

    // Returns a string that is a prefix of all strings matching the RegExp
    function regExpPrefix(re) {
      var prefix = /^\^((?:\\[^a-zA-Z0-9]|[^\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]+)*)/.exec(re.source);
      return (prefix != null) ? prefix[1].replace(/\\(.)/g, "$1") : '';
    }

    // Interpolates matched values into a String.replace()-style pattern
    function interpolate(pattern, match) {
      return pattern.replace(/\$(\$|\d{1,2})/, function (m, what) {
        return match[what === '$' ? 0 : Number(what)];
      });
    }

    this.rule =
        function (rule) {
          if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
          rules.push(rule);
          return this;
        };

    this.otherwise =
        function (rule) {
          if (isString(rule)) {
            var redirect = rule;
            rule = function () { return redirect; };
          }
          else if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
          otherwise = rule;
          return this;
        };


    function handleIfMatch($injector, handler, match) {
      if (!match) return false;
      var result = $injector.invoke(handler, handler, { $match: match });
      return isDefined(result) ? result : true;
    }

    this.when =
        function (what, handler) {
          var redirect, handlerIsString = isString(handler);
          if (isString(what)) what = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(what);

          if (!handlerIsString && !isFunction(handler) && !isArray(handler))
            throw new Error("invalid 'handler' in when()");

          var strategies = {
            matcher: function (what, handler) {
              if (handlerIsString) {
                redirect = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(handler);
                handler = ['$match', function ($match) { return redirect.format($match); }];
              }
              return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
                return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path(), $location.search()));
              }, {
                prefix: isString(what.prefix) ? what.prefix : ''
              });
            },
            regex: function (what, handler) {
              if (what.global || what.sticky) throw new Error("when() RegExp must not be global or sticky");

              if (handlerIsString) {
                redirect = handler;
                handler = ['$match', function ($match) { return interpolate(redirect, $match); }];
              }
              return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
                return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path()));
              }, {
                prefix: regExpPrefix(what)
              });
            }
          };

          var check = { matcher: $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(what), regex: what instanceof RegExp };

          for (var n in check) {
            if (check[n]) {
              return this.rule(strategies[n](what, handler));
            }
          }

          throw new Error("invalid 'what' in when()");
        };

    this.$get =
        [        '$location', '$rootScope', '$injector',
          function ($location,   $rootScope,   $injector) {
            // TODO: Optimize groups of rules with non-empty prefix into some sort of decision tree
            function update(evt) {
              if (evt && evt.defaultPrevented) return;
              function check(rule) {
                var handled = rule($injector, $location);
                if (handled) {
                  if (isString(handled)) $location.replace().url(handled);
                  return true;
                }
                return false;
              }
              var n=rules.length, i;
              for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
                if (check(rules[i])) return;
              }
              // always check otherwise last to allow dynamic updates to the set of rules
              if (otherwise) check(otherwise);
            }

            $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', update);

            return {
              sync: function () {
                update();
              }
            };
          }];
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.router').provider('$urlRouter', $UrlRouterProvider);

  $StateProvider.$inject = ['$urlRouterProvider', '$urlMatcherFactoryProvider', '$locationProvider'];
  function $StateProvider(   $urlRouterProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory,           $locationProvider) {

    var root, states = {}, $state, queue = {}, abstractKey = 'abstract';

    // Builds state properties from definition passed to registerState()
    var stateBuilder = {

      // Derive parent state from a hierarchical name only if 'parent' is not explicitly defined.
      // state.children = [];
      // if (parent) parent.children.push(state);
      parent: function(state) {
        if (isDefined(state.parent) && state.parent) return findState(state.parent);
        // regex matches any valid composite state name
        // would match "contact.list" but not "contacts"
        var compositeName = /^(.+)\.[^.]+$/.exec(state.name);
        return compositeName ? findState(compositeName[1]) : root;
      },

      // inherit 'data' from parent and override by own values (if any)
      data: function(state) {
        if (state.parent && state.parent.data) {
          state.data = state.self.data = extend({}, state.parent.data, state.data);
        }
        return state.data;
      },

      // Build a URLMatcher if necessary, either via a relative or absolute URL
      url: function(state) {
        var url = state.url;

        if (isString(url)) {
          if (url.charAt(0) == '^') {
            return $urlMatcherFactory.compile(url.substring(1));
          }
          return (state.parent.navigable || root).url.concat(url);
        }

        if ($urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(url) || url == null) {
          return url;
        }
        throw new Error("Invalid url '" + url + "' in state '" + state + "'");
      },

      // Keep track of the closest ancestor state that has a URL (i.e. is navigable)
      navigable: function(state) {
        return state.url ? state : (state.parent ? state.parent.navigable : null);
      },

      // Derive parameters for this state and ensure they're a super-set of parent's parameters
      params: function(state) {
        if (!state.params) {
          return state.url ? state.url.parameters() : state.parent.params;
        }
        if (!isArray(state.params)) throw new Error("Invalid params in state '" + state + "'");
        if (state.url) throw new Error("Both params and url specicified in state '" + state + "'");
        return state.params;
      },

      // If there is no explicit multi-view configuration, make one up so we don't have
      // to handle both cases in the view directive later. Note that having an explicit
      // 'views' property will mean the default unnamed view properties are ignored. This
      // is also a good time to resolve view names to absolute names, so everything is a
      // straight lookup at link time.
      views: function(state) {
        var views = {};

        forEach(isDefined(state.views) ? state.views : { '': state }, function (view, name) {
          if (name.indexOf('@') < 0) name += '@' + state.parent.name;
          views[name] = view;
        });
        return views;
      },

      ownParams: function(state) {
        if (!state.parent) {
          return state.params;
        }
        var paramNames = {}; forEach(state.params, function (p) { paramNames[p] = true; });

        forEach(state.parent.params, function (p) {
          if (!paramNames[p]) {
            throw new Error("Missing required parameter '" + p + "' in state '" + state.name + "'");
          }
          paramNames[p] = false;
        });
        var ownParams = [];

        forEach(paramNames, function (own, p) {
          if (own) ownParams.push(p);
        });
        return ownParams;
      },

      // Keep a full path from the root down to this state as this is needed for state activation.
      path: function(state) {
        return state.parent ? state.parent.path.concat(state) : []; // exclude root from path
      },

      // Speed up $state.contains() as it's used a lot
      includes: function(state) {
        var includes = state.parent ? extend({}, state.parent.includes) : {};
        includes[state.name] = true;
        return includes;
      },

      $delegates: {}
    };

    function isRelative(stateName) {
      return stateName.indexOf(".") === 0 || stateName.indexOf("^") === 0;
    }

    function findState(stateOrName, base) {
      var isStr = isString(stateOrName),
          name  = isStr ? stateOrName : stateOrName.name,
          path  = isRelative(name);

      if (path) {
        if (!base) throw new Error("No reference point given for path '"  + name + "'");
        var rel = name.split("."), i = 0, pathLength = rel.length, current = base;

        for (; i < pathLength; i++) {
          if (rel[i] === "" && i === 0) {
            current = base;
            continue;
          }
          if (rel[i] === "^") {
            if (!current.parent) throw new Error("Path '" + name + "' not valid for state '" + base.name + "'");
            current = current.parent;
            continue;
          }
          break;
        }
        rel = rel.slice(i).join(".");
        name = current.name + (current.name && rel ? "." : "") + rel;
      }
      var state = states[name];

      if (state && (isStr || (!isStr && (state === stateOrName || state.self === stateOrName)))) {
        return state;
      }
      return undefined;
    }

    function queueState(parentName, state) {
      if (!queue[parentName]) {
        queue[parentName] = [];
      }
      queue[parentName].push(state);
    }

    function registerState(state) {
      // Wrap a new object around the state so we can store our private details easily.
      state = inherit(state, {
        self: state,
        resolve: state.resolve || {},
        toString: function() { return this.name; }
      });

      var name = state.name;
      if (!isString(name) || name.indexOf('@') >= 0) throw new Error("State must have a valid name");
      if (states.hasOwnProperty(name)) throw new Error("State '" + name + "'' is already defined");

      // Get parent name
      var parentName = (name.indexOf('.') !== -1) ? name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf('.'))
          : (isString(state.parent)) ? state.parent
          : '';

      // If parent is not registered yet, add state to queue and register later
      if (parentName && !states[parentName]) {
        return queueState(parentName, state.self);
      }

      for (var key in stateBuilder) {
        if (isFunction(stateBuilder[key])) state[key] = stateBuilder[key](state, stateBuilder.$delegates[key]);
      }
      states[name] = state;

      // Register the state in the global state list and with $urlRouter if necessary.
      if (!state[abstractKey] && state.url) {
        $urlRouterProvider.when(state.url, ['$match', '$stateParams', function ($match, $stateParams) {
          if ($state.$current.navigable != state || !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams)) {
            $state.transitionTo(state, $match, { location: false });
          }
        }]);
      }

      // Register any queued children
      if (queue[name]) {
        for (var i = 0; i < queue[name].length; i++) {
          registerState(queue[name][i]);
        }
      }

      return state;
    }


    // Implicit root state that is always active
    root = registerState({
      name: '',
      url: '^',
      views: null,
      'abstract': true
    });
    root.navigable = null;


    // .decorator()
    // .decorator(name)
    // .decorator(name, function)
    this.decorator = decorator;
    function decorator(name, func) {
      /*jshint validthis: true */
      if (isString(name) && !isDefined(func)) {
        return stateBuilder[name];
      }
      if (!isFunction(func) || !isString(name)) {
        return this;
      }
      if (stateBuilder[name] && !stateBuilder.$delegates[name]) {
        stateBuilder.$delegates[name] = stateBuilder[name];
      }
      stateBuilder[name] = func;
      return this;
    }

    // .state(state)
    // .state(name, state)
    this.state = state;
    function state(name, definition) {
      /*jshint validthis: true */
      if (isObject(name)) definition = name;
      else definition.name = name;
      registerState(definition);
      return this;
    }

    // $urlRouter is injected just to ensure it gets instantiated
    this.$get = $get;
    $get.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$q', '$view', '$injector', '$resolve', '$stateParams', '$location', '$urlRouter'];
    function $get(   $rootScope,   $q,   $view,   $injector,   $resolve,   $stateParams,   $location,   $urlRouter) {

      var TransitionSuperseded = $q.reject(new Error('transition superseded'));
      var TransitionPrevented = $q.reject(new Error('transition prevented'));
      var TransitionAborted = $q.reject(new Error('transition aborted'));
      var TransitionFailed = $q.reject(new Error('transition failed'));
      var currentLocation = $location.url();

      function syncUrl() {
        if ($location.url() !== currentLocation) {
          $location.url(currentLocation);
          $location.replace();
        }
      }

      root.locals = { resolve: null, globals: { $stateParams: {} } };
      $state = {
        params: {},
        current: root.self,
        $current: root,
        transition: null
      };

      $state.reload = function reload() {
        $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { reload: true, inherit: false, notify: false });
      };

      $state.go = function go(to, params, options) {
        return this.transitionTo(to, params, extend({ inherit: true, relative: $state.$current }, options));
      };

      $state.transitionTo = function transitionTo(to, toParams, options) {
        toParams = toParams || {};
        options = extend({
          location: true, inherit: false, relative: null, notify: true, reload: false, $retry: false
        }, options || {});

        var from = $state.$current, fromParams = $state.params, fromPath = from.path;
        var evt, toState = findState(to, options.relative);

        if (!isDefined(toState)) {
          // Broadcast not found event and abort the transition if prevented
          var redirect = { to: to, toParams: toParams, options: options };
          evt = $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateNotFound', redirect, from.self, fromParams);
          if (evt.defaultPrevented) {
            syncUrl();
            return TransitionAborted;
          }

          // Allow the handler to return a promise to defer state lookup retry
          if (evt.retry) {
            if (options.$retry) {
              syncUrl();
              return TransitionFailed;
            }
            var retryTransition = $state.transition = $q.when(evt.retry);
            retryTransition.then(function() {
              if (retryTransition !== $state.transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
              redirect.options.$retry = true;
              return $state.transitionTo(redirect.to, redirect.toParams, redirect.options);
            }, function() {
              return TransitionAborted;
            });
            syncUrl();
            return retryTransition;
          }

          // Always retry once if the $stateNotFound was not prevented
          // (handles either redirect changed or state lazy-definition)
          to = redirect.to;
          toParams = redirect.toParams;
          options = redirect.options;
          toState = findState(to, options.relative);
          if (!isDefined(toState)) {
            if (options.relative) throw new Error("Could not resolve '" + to + "' from state '" + options.relative + "'");
            throw new Error("No such state '" + to + "'");
          }
        }
        if (toState[abstractKey]) throw new Error("Cannot transition to abstract state '" + to + "'");
        if (options.inherit) toParams = inheritParams($stateParams, toParams || {}, $state.$current, toState);
        to = toState;

        var toPath = to.path;

        // Starting from the root of the path, keep all levels that haven't changed
        var keep, state, locals = root.locals, toLocals = [];
        for (keep = 0, state = toPath[keep];
             state && state === fromPath[keep] && equalForKeys(toParams, fromParams, state.ownParams) && !options.reload;
             keep++, state = toPath[keep]) {
          locals = toLocals[keep] = state.locals;
        }

        // If we're going to the same state and all locals are kept, we've got nothing to do.
        // But clear 'transition', as we still want to cancel any other pending transitions.
        // TODO: We may not want to bump 'transition' if we're called from a location change that we've initiated ourselves,
        // because we might accidentally abort a legitimate transition initiated from code?
        if (shouldTriggerReload(to, from, locals, options) ) {
          if ( to.self.reloadOnSearch !== false )
            syncUrl();
          $state.transition = null;
          return $q.when($state.current);
        }

        // Normalize/filter parameters before we pass them to event handlers etc.
        toParams = normalize(to.params, toParams || {});

        // Broadcast start event and cancel the transition if requested
        if (options.notify) {
          evt = $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeStart', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams);
          if (evt.defaultPrevented) {
            syncUrl();
            return TransitionPrevented;
          }
        }

        // Resolve locals for the remaining states, but don't update any global state just
        // yet -- if anything fails to resolve the current state needs to remain untouched.
        // We also set up an inheritance chain for the locals here. This allows the view directive
        // to quickly look up the correct definition for each view in the current state. Even
        // though we create the locals object itself outside resolveState(), it is initially
        // empty and gets filled asynchronously. We need to keep track of the promise for the
        // (fully resolved) current locals, and pass this down the chain.
        var resolved = $q.when(locals);
        for (var l=keep; l<toPath.length; l++, state=toPath[l]) {
          locals = toLocals[l] = inherit(locals);
          resolved = resolveState(state, toParams, state===to, resolved, locals);
        }

        // Once everything is resolved, we are ready to perform the actual transition
        // and return a promise for the new state. We also keep track of what the
        // current promise is, so that we can detect overlapping transitions and
        // keep only the outcome of the last transition.
        var transition = $state.transition = resolved.then(function () {
          var l, entering, exiting;

          if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

          // Exit 'from' states not kept
          for (l=fromPath.length-1; l>=keep; l--) {
            exiting = fromPath[l];
            if (exiting.self.onExit) {
              $injector.invoke(exiting.self.onExit, exiting.self, exiting.locals.globals);
            }
            exiting.locals = null;
          }

          // Enter 'to' states not kept
          for (l=keep; l<toPath.length; l++) {
            entering = toPath[l];
            entering.locals = toLocals[l];
            if (entering.self.onEnter) {
              $injector.invoke(entering.self.onEnter, entering.self, entering.locals.globals);
            }
          }

          // Run it again, to catch any transitions in callbacks
          if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

          // Update globals in $state
          $state.$current = to;
          $state.current = to.self;
          $state.params = toParams;
          copy($state.params, $stateParams);
          $state.transition = null;

          // Update $location
          var toNav = to.navigable;
          if (options.location && toNav) {
            $location.url(toNav.url.format(toNav.locals.globals.$stateParams));

            if (options.location === 'replace') {
              $location.replace();
            }
          }

          if (options.notify) {
            $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeSuccess', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams);
          }
          currentLocation = $location.url();

          return $state.current;
        }, function (error) {
          if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

          $state.transition = null;
          $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeError', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams, error);
          syncUrl();

          return $q.reject(error);
        });

        return transition;
      };

      $state.is = function is(stateOrName, params) {
        var state = findState(stateOrName);

        if (!isDefined(state)) {
          return undefined;
        }

        if ($state.$current !== state) {
          return false;
        }

        return isDefined(params) ? angular.equals($stateParams, params) : true;
      };

      $state.includes = function includes(stateOrName, params) {
        var state = findState(stateOrName);
        if (!isDefined(state)) {
          return undefined;
        }

        if (!isDefined($state.$current.includes[state.name])) {
          return false;
        }

        var validParams = true;
        angular.forEach(params, function(value, key) {
          if (!isDefined($stateParams[key]) || $stateParams[key] !== value) {
            validParams = false;
          }
        });
        return validParams;
      };

      $state.href = function href(stateOrName, params, options) {
        options = extend({ lossy: true, inherit: false, absolute: false, relative: $state.$current }, options || {});
        var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);
        if (!isDefined(state)) return null;

        params = inheritParams($stateParams, params || {}, $state.$current, state);
        var nav = (state && options.lossy) ? state.navigable : state;
        var url = (nav && nav.url) ? nav.url.format(normalize(state.params, params || {})) : null;
        if (!$locationProvider.html5Mode() && url) {
          url = "#" + $locationProvider.hashPrefix() + url;
        }
        if (options.absolute && url) {
          url = $location.protocol() + '://' +
              $location.host() +
              ($location.port() == 80 || $location.port() == 443 ? '' : ':' + $location.port()) +
              (!$locationProvider.html5Mode() && url ? '/' : '') +
              url;
        }
        return url;
      };

      $state.get = function (stateOrName, context) {
        if (!isDefined(stateOrName)) {
          var list = [];
          forEach(states, function(state) { list.push(state.self); });
          return list;
        }
        var state = findState(stateOrName, context);
        return (state && state.self) ? state.self : null;
      };

      function resolveState(state, params, paramsAreFiltered, inherited, dst) {
        // Make a restricted $stateParams with only the parameters that apply to this state if
        // necessary. In addition to being available to the controller and onEnter/onExit callbacks,
        // we also need $stateParams to be available for any $injector calls we make during the
        // dependency resolution process.
        var $stateParams = (paramsAreFiltered) ? params : filterByKeys(state.params, params);
        var locals = { $stateParams: $stateParams };

        // Resolve 'global' dependencies for the state, i.e. those not specific to a view.
        // We're also including $stateParams in this; that way the parameters are restricted
        // to the set that should be visible to the state, and are independent of when we update
        // the global $state and $stateParams values.
        dst.resolve = $resolve.resolve(state.resolve, locals, dst.resolve, state);
        var promises = [ dst.resolve.then(function (globals) {
          dst.globals = globals;
        }) ];
        if (inherited) promises.push(inherited);

        // Resolve template and dependencies for all views.
        forEach(state.views, function (view, name) {
          var injectables = (view.resolve && view.resolve !== state.resolve ? view.resolve : {});
          injectables.$template = [ function () {
            return $view.load(name, { view: view, locals: locals, params: $stateParams, notify: false }) || '';
          }];

          promises.push($resolve.resolve(injectables, locals, dst.resolve, state).then(function (result) {
            // References to the controller (only instantiated at link time)
            if (isFunction(view.controllerProvider) || isArray(view.controllerProvider)) {
              var injectLocals = angular.extend({}, injectables, locals);
              result.$$controller = $injector.invoke(view.controllerProvider, null, injectLocals);
            } else {
              result.$$controller = view.controller;
            }
            // Provide access to the state itself for internal use
            result.$$state = state;
            dst[name] = result;
          }));
        });

        // Wait for all the promises and then return the activation object
        return $q.all(promises).then(function (values) {
          return dst;
        });
      }

      return $state;
    }

    function shouldTriggerReload(to, from, locals, options) {
      if ( to === from && ((locals === from.locals && !options.reload) || (to.self.reloadOnSearch === false)) ) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.state')
      .value('$stateParams', {})
      .provider('$state', $StateProvider);


  $ViewProvider.$inject = [];
  function $ViewProvider() {

    this.$get = $get;
    $get.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$templateFactory'];
    function $get(   $rootScope,   $templateFactory) {
      return {
        // $view.load('full.viewName', { template: ..., controller: ..., resolve: ..., async: false, params: ... })
        load: function load(name, options) {
          var result, defaults = {
            template: null, controller: null, view: null, locals: null, notify: true, async: true, params: {}
          };
          options = extend(defaults, options);

          if (options.view) {
            result = $templateFactory.fromConfig(options.view, options.params, options.locals);
          }
          if (result && options.notify) {
            $rootScope.$broadcast('$viewContentLoading', options);
          }
          return result;
        }
      };
    }
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.state').provider('$view', $ViewProvider);


  $ViewDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$compile', '$controller', '$injector', '$anchorScroll'];
  function $ViewDirective(   $state,   $compile,   $controller,   $injector,   $anchorScroll) {
    var $animator = $injector.has('$animator') ? $injector.get('$animator') : false;
    var viewIsUpdating = false;

    var directive = {
      restrict: 'ECA',
      terminal: true,
      priority: 1000,
      transclude: true,
      compile: function (element, attr, transclude) {
        return function(scope, element, attr) {
          var viewScope, viewLocals,
              name = attr[directive.name] || attr.name || '',
              onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
              animate = $animator && $animator(scope, attr),
              initialView = transclude(scope);

          // Returns a set of DOM manipulation functions based on whether animation
          // should be performed
          var renderer = function(doAnimate) {
            return ({
              "true": {
                remove: function(element) { animate.leave(element.contents(), element); },
                restore: function(compiled, element) { animate.enter(compiled, element); },
                populate: function(template, element) {
                  var contents = angular.element('<div></div>').html(template).contents();
                  animate.enter(contents, element);
                  return contents;
                }
              },
              "false": {
                remove: function(element) { element.html(''); },
                restore: function(compiled, element) { element.append(compiled); },
                populate: function(template, element) {
                  element.html(template);
                  return element.contents();
                }
              }
            })[doAnimate.toString()];
          };

          // Put back the compiled initial view
          element.append(initialView);

          // Find the details of the parent view directive (if any) and use it
          // to derive our own qualified view name, then hang our own details
          // off the DOM so child directives can find it.
          var parent = element.parent().inheritedData('$uiView');
          if (name.indexOf('@') < 0) name  = name + '@' + (parent ? parent.state.name : '');
          var view = { name: name, state: null };
          element.data('$uiView', view);

          var eventHook = function() {
            if (viewIsUpdating) return;
            viewIsUpdating = true;

            try { updateView(true); } catch (e) {
              viewIsUpdating = false;
              throw e;
            }
            viewIsUpdating = false;
          };

          scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', eventHook);
          scope.$on('$viewContentLoading', eventHook);
          updateView(false);

          function updateView(doAnimate) {
            var locals = $state.$current && $state.$current.locals[name];
            if (locals === viewLocals) return; // nothing to do
            var render = renderer(animate && doAnimate);

            // Remove existing content
            render.remove(element);

            // Destroy previous view scope
            if (viewScope) {
              viewScope.$destroy();
              viewScope = null;
            }

            if (!locals) {
              viewLocals = null;
              view.state = null;

              // Restore the initial view
              return render.restore(initialView, element);
            }

            viewLocals = locals;
            view.state = locals.$$state;

            var link = $compile(render.populate(locals.$template, element));
            viewScope = scope.$new();

            if (locals.$$controller) {
              locals.$scope = viewScope;
              var controller = $controller(locals.$$controller, locals);
              element.children().data('$ngControllerController', controller);
            }
            link(viewScope);
            viewScope.$emit('$viewContentLoaded');
            if (onloadExp) viewScope.$eval(onloadExp);

            // TODO: This seems strange, shouldn't $anchorScroll listen for $viewContentLoaded if necessary?
            // $anchorScroll might listen on event...
            $anchorScroll();
          }
        };
      }
    };
    return directive;
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.state').directive('uiView', $ViewDirective);

  function parseStateRef(ref) {
    var parsed = ref.replace(/\n/g, " ").match(/^([^(]+?)\s*(\((.*)\))?$/);
    if (!parsed || parsed.length !== 4) throw new Error("Invalid state ref '" + ref + "'");
    return { state: parsed[1], paramExpr: parsed[3] || null };
  }

  function stateContext(el) {
    var stateData = el.parent().inheritedData('$uiView');

    if (stateData && stateData.state && stateData.state.name) {
      return stateData.state;
    }
  }

  $StateRefDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$timeout'];
  function $StateRefDirective($state, $timeout) {
    return {
      restrict: 'A',
      require: '?^uiSrefActive',
      link: function(scope, element, attrs, uiSrefActive) {
        var ref = parseStateRef(attrs.uiSref);
        var params = null, url = null, base = stateContext(element) || $state.$current;
        var isForm = element[0].nodeName === "FORM";
        var attr = isForm ? "action" : "href", nav = true;

        var update = function(newVal) {
          if (newVal) params = newVal;
          if (!nav) return;

          var newHref = $state.href(ref.state, params, { relative: base });

          if (!newHref) {
            nav = false;
            return false;
          }
          element[0][attr] = newHref;
          if (uiSrefActive) {
            uiSrefActive.$$setStateInfo(ref.state, params);
          }
        };

        if (ref.paramExpr) {
          scope.$watch(ref.paramExpr, function(newVal, oldVal) {
            if (newVal !== params) update(newVal);
          }, true);
          params = scope.$eval(ref.paramExpr);
        }
        update();

        if (isForm) return;

        element.bind("click", function(e) {
          var button = e.which || e.button;

          if ((button === 0 || button == 1) && !e.ctrlKey && !e.metaKey && !e.shiftKey) {
            // HACK: This is to allow ng-clicks to be processed before the transition is initiated:
            $timeout(function() {
              scope.$apply(function() {
                $state.go(ref.state, params, { relative: base });
              });
            });
            e.preventDefault();
          }
        });
      }
    };
  }

  $StateActiveDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$stateParams', '$interpolate'];
  function $StateActiveDirective($state, $stateParams, $interpolate) {
    return {
      restrict: "A",
      controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs) {
        var state, params, activeClass;

        // There probably isn't much point in $observing this
        activeClass = $interpolate($attrs.uiSrefActive || '', false)($scope);

        // Allow uiSref to communicate with uiSrefActive
        this.$$setStateInfo = function(newState, newParams) {
          state = $state.get(newState, stateContext($element));
          params = newParams;
          update();
        };

        $scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', update);

        // Update route state
        function update() {
          if ($state.$current.self === state && matchesParams()) {
            $element.addClass(activeClass);
          } else {
            $element.removeClass(activeClass);
          }
        }

        function matchesParams() {
          return !params || equalForKeys(params, $stateParams);
        }
      }
    };
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.state')
      .directive('uiSref', $StateRefDirective)
      .directive('uiSrefActive', $StateActiveDirective);

  $RouteProvider.$inject = ['$stateProvider', '$urlRouterProvider'];
  function $RouteProvider(  $stateProvider,    $urlRouterProvider) {

    var routes = [];

    onEnterRoute.$inject = ['$$state'];
    function onEnterRoute(   $$state) {
      /*jshint validthis: true */
      this.locals = $$state.locals.globals;
      this.params = this.locals.$stateParams;
    }

    function onExitRoute() {
      /*jshint validthis: true */
      this.locals = null;
      this.params = null;
    }

    this.when = when;
    function when(url, route) {
      /*jshint validthis: true */
      if (route.redirectTo != null) {
        // Redirect, configure directly on $urlRouterProvider
        var redirect = route.redirectTo, handler;
        if (isString(redirect)) {
          handler = redirect; // leave $urlRouterProvider to handle
        } else if (isFunction(redirect)) {
          // Adapt to $urlRouterProvider API
          handler = function (params, $location) {
            return redirect(params, $location.path(), $location.search());
          };
        } else {
          throw new Error("Invalid 'redirectTo' in when()");
        }
        $urlRouterProvider.when(url, handler);
      } else {
        // Regular route, configure as state
        $stateProvider.state(inherit(route, {
          parent: null,
          name: 'route:' + encodeURIComponent(url),
          url: url,
          onEnter: onEnterRoute,
          onExit: onExitRoute
        }));
      }
      routes.push(route);
      return this;
    }

    this.$get = $get;
    $get.$inject = ['$state', '$rootScope', '$routeParams'];
    function $get(   $state,   $rootScope,   $routeParams) {

      var $route = {
        routes: routes,
        params: $routeParams,
        current: undefined
      };

      function stateAsRoute(state) {
        return (state.name !== '') ? state : undefined;
      }

      $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart', function (ev, to, toParams, from, fromParams) {
        $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeStart', stateAsRoute(to), stateAsRoute(from));
      });

      $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', function (ev, to, toParams, from, fromParams) {
        $route.current = stateAsRoute(to);
        $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeSuccess', stateAsRoute(to), stateAsRoute(from));
        copy(toParams, $route.params);
      });

      $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeError', function (ev, to, toParams, from, fromParams, error) {
        $rootScope.$broadcast('$routeChangeError', stateAsRoute(to), stateAsRoute(from), error);
      });

      return $route;
    }
  }

  angular.module('ui.router.compat')
      .provider('$route', $RouteProvider)
      .directive('ngView', $ViewDirective);
})(window, window.angular);