
	\chapter{Indicator needs}\label{ID_1}
	\section{Which new measures}\label{ID_5}Identifying new measures or investments that should be implemented.
	\subsection{Landscape of measures}\label{ID_56}
	\subsubsection{Diversity index of innovation support instruments in the region}\label{ID_45}Number of different innovations policy instruments existing  in the region as a share of a total number representing a full typology of instruments
	\subsubsection{Existing investments in measures}\label{ID_57}
	\subsection{What other regions do differently}\label{ID_38}
	\subsubsection{Balance of measure index}\label{ID_46}
	\subsubsection{Profile comparison with other regions}\label{ID_77}
	\subsubsection{Number of specific types of measures per capita}\label{ID_112}
	\section{How to design &amp; implement measures}\label{ID_6}Understanding how to design the details of a particular measure and how to implement them.
	\subsection{Good practices}\label{ID_41}
	\subsection{Diagnostics}\label{ID_80}
	\subsubsection{Internal business innovation factors}\label{ID_81}
	\subsubsection{Return on investment to innovation}\label{ID_359}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_360}Firm's turnover from (new to firm)product innovation (as a pecentage of total turnover)\par
		\item \label{ID_361}Increase in the probability to innovate linked to ICT use(in product innovation, process innovation, organisational innovaton, marketing innovation)\par
		\item \label{ID_362}Scientific articles by type of collaboration (per capita)(international co-authoriship, domestic co-authoriship, single author)\par
		\item \label{ID_363}Increase in a share of expenditures on technologicalinnovations in the total amount of regional firms’ expenditures, %\par
		\item \label{ID_364}Increase in the number of innovative companies with in-house R&amp;D\par
		\item \label{ID_365}Increase in th number of innovative companies without in-house R&amp;D\par
		\item \label{ID_366}Increase in th number of firms withinternational/national collaboration on innovation\par
		\item \label{ID_367}Highly cited scientific articles (as a percentage ofhighly cited scientific article in the whole Federation)\par
		\item \label{ID_368}Patents filed by public research organisations(as a percentafe of patent application filed under PCT)\par
		\item \label{ID_369}Number of international patents\par
		\item \label{ID_370}Start-up activity (as a percentage of start-up activity in the whole Federation)\par
		\item \label{ID_393}Number of innovative companies to the number of students \par
		\item \label{ID_394}Number of innovative companies to the number of researchers  \par
		\item \label{ID_400}Volume of license agreements to the volume of R&amp;D support from the regional budget \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\section{How much effort: where &amp; how}\label{ID_2}Understanding the level of effort the region needs to take to compete on innovation and where to put this effort
	\subsection{The bottom-line}\label{ID_3}This is what policy makers care about in the end
	\subsubsection{Wages}\label{ID_15}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_12}Dynamics of real wages\par
		\item \label{ID_14}Average wage (compare to the Fed)\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Productivity}\label{ID_86}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_190}Labor productivity\par
		\item \label{ID_191}Labor productivity growth rate\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Jobs}\label{ID_87}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_13}Share of high-productive jobs\par
		\item \label{ID_88}Share of creative industries jobs\par
		\item \label{ID_336}Uneployment rate of university graduates\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Income}\label{ID_89}GRP per capita and its growth rate\par
		
	\subsection{Influencing  factors}\label{ID_8}
	\subsubsection{Economy}\label{ID_55}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_166}Economic structure\par
		\item \label{ID_395}Volume of manufacturing production per capita \par
		\item \label{ID_396}Manufacturing value added per capita (non-natural resource-based)\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{The enabling environment}\label{ID_9}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_16}Ease of doing business\par
		Level of administrative barriers (number and cost of administrative procedures) \par
		WB\item \label{ID_18}Competition index\par
		GCR\item \label{ID_120}Workforce\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_19}Quality of education\par
		Inrease in the number of International students\par
		GCR\item \label{ID_121}Quantity of education\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_122}Participation in life-long learning\par
		per 100 population aged 25-64\item \label{ID_333}Increase in literarecy \par
		\item \label{ID_188}Amount of university and colleaguestudents per 10 thousands population\par
		\item \label{ID_276}Share of employees with higher education inthe total amount of population at the working age\par
		\item \label{ID_332}Increase in University students\par
		\item \label{ID_351}Government expenditure on General University Funding\par
		\item \label{ID_409}Access to training, information, and consulting support \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_285}Science &amp; engineering workforce\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_147}Availability of scientists and engineers\par
		GCR\item \label{ID_189}Amount of researches per 10 thousands population\par
		\item \label{ID_284}Average wage of researches per average wage in the region\par
		\item \label{ID_286}Share of researchers in the total number of employees in the region\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_132}Government\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_134}Total expenditure of general government as a percentage of GDP\par
		\item \label{ID_352}Government expenditure on Economic Development\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_342}Access to finance\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_387}Deals\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_345}Venture capital investments for start-ups as a percentage of GDP\par
		\item \label{ID_344}Amounts of business angel, pre-seed, seed and venture financing\par
		\item \label{ID_348}Amount of public co-funding of business R&amp;D\par
		\item \label{ID_385}Number of startups received venture financing \par
		\item \label{ID_386}Number of companies received equity investments \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_388}Available\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_347}Amount of matching grants available in the region for business R&amp;D\par
		\item \label{ID_346}Number of Business Angels\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_135}ICT\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_17}ICT use\par
		GCR\item \label{ID_136}Broadband penetration \par
		\item \label{ID_334}Internet penetration\par
		\item \label{ID_335}Computer literacy \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Behavior of innovation actors}\label{ID_10}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_167}Access to markets\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_97}FDI\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_96}foreign JVs\par
		\item \label{ID_157}Inflow of foreign direct investments in high-technology industries\par
		\item \label{ID_158}Foreign direct investment jobs\par
		: the percentage of the workforce employed by foreign companies [%].\item \label{ID_159}FDI as a share of regional non natural resource-based GRP \par
		\item \label{ID_160}Number of foreign subsidiaries operating in the region\par
		\item \label{ID_161}Share of foreign controlled enterprises\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_168}Exports\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_169}Export intensity in manufacturing and services\par
		: exports as a share of total output in manufacturing and services [%].\item \label{ID_375}Share of high-technology export in the total volumeof production of goods, works and services\par
		\item \label{ID_377}Share of innovation production/serivces that goes for export,by zones (EU, US, CIS, other countries\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_338}Share of high-technology products in government procurements\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_34}Entrepreneurship culture\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_150}Fear of failure rate\par
		GEM\item \label{ID_151}Entrepreneurship as desirable career choice\par
		GEM\item \label{ID_152}High Status Successful Entrepreneurship\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			GEM\item \label{ID_54}Collaboration &amp; partnerships\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_163}Number of business contracts with foreign partners for R&amp;D collaboration\par
		\item \label{ID_164}Share of R&amp;D financed from foreign sources\par
		UNESCO\item \label{ID_165}Firms collaborating on innovation with organizations in other countries\par
		CIS\item \label{ID_173}Share of Innovative companies collaboratingwith research institutions on innovation\par
		\item \label{ID_174}Number of joint projects conducted by the local comapniesand local consulting/intermediary agencies\par
		\item \label{ID_358}science and industry links\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_115}Technology absorption\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_116}Local supplier quality\par
		GCR\item \label{ID_127}Share of expenditures on technological innovationsin the amount of sales\par
		\item \label{ID_129}Number of purchased new technologies\par
		\item \label{ID_354}Investments in ICT by asset (IT equipment,communication equipment, software)\par
		\item \label{ID_355}Machinery and equipment\par
		\item \label{ID_356}Software and databases\par
		\item \label{ID_373}Level of energy efficiency of the regional economy(can be measured by sectors and for the whole region)\par
		\item \label{ID_374}Share of wastes in the total volume of production (by sector)\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_123}Innovation activities in firms\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_35}Share of innovative companies\par
		\item \label{ID_128}Business R&amp;D expenditures per GRP\par
		\item \label{ID_145}Factors hampering innovation\par
		CIS, BEEPS\item \label{ID_350}Expenditure on innovation by firm size\par
		\item \label{ID_357}R&amp;D and other intellectl property products\par
		\item \label{ID_390}Growth of the number of innovative companies \par
		\item \label{ID_398}Outpus\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_124}Volume of new to Russian market production per GRP\par
		\item \label{ID_376}Volume of new to world market production per total production\par
		\item \label{ID_389}Growth of the volume of production of innovative companies \par
		\item \label{ID_397}Volume of innovation production per capita \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_148}Entrepreneurial activities\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_117}New business density\par
		Number of new organizations per thousand working age population (WBI)\item \label{ID_119}Volume of newly registered corporations \par
		(as a percentage of all registered corporations)\item \label{ID_170}Share of gazelle companies in the total number of businesses\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_277}R&amp;D production\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_280}Outputs\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_279}Amount of domestically protected intellectualproperty per 1 mln. population\par
		\item \label{ID_278}Amount of PCT-applications per 1 mln. population\par
		\item \label{ID_281}Number of domestic patent applications per R&amp;D expenditures\par
		\item \label{ID_282}Number of intellectual property exploited by regionalenterprises per 1 mln. population\par
		\item \label{ID_283}Publication activity of regional scientists and researches\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_340}Inputs\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_341}Regional and local budget expenditures on R&amp;D\par
		\item \label{ID_349}Government R&amp;D expenditure \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_415}Public sector innovation\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_416}Number of advanced ICT introduced in the budgetary organizations(regional power, municipal bodies, social and educational organizations)\par
		\item \label{ID_418}E-government index\par
		\item \label{ID_419}Number of management innovations introduced in the budgetary organizations(regional power, municipal bodies, social and educational organizations)\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Supporting organizations}\label{ID_113}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_51}Research institutions\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_171}Collaboration\par
		Number of interactions between universitiesand large companies  by university size\par
		\item \label{ID_184}Resources\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_137}R&amp;D expenditures per 1 researcher\par
		\item \label{ID_146}Average wage of researches per average wage in the region\par
		\item \label{ID_353}High education expenditure on R&amp;D\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_185}Scientific outputs\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_306}Publications\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_304}Impact of publications in the ISI database (h-index)\par
		\item \label{ID_186}Number of publications in international journals per worker per year\par
		\item \label{ID_303}Publications: Academic articles in international peer-reviewedjournals per 1,000 researchers [articles/1,000 researchers].\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_187}Number of foreign patents granted per staff\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_312}Supportive measures\par
		Diversity index of university entrepreneurship support measures\par
		Number of measures offered by the unversity within a preset range (NCET2 survey)\item \label{ID_299}Commercialization\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_308}Licensing\par
		Academic licenses: Number of licensesper 1,000 researchers.[licenses/researcher]\par
		\item \label{ID_309}Spin-offs\par
		Number of spin-offs with external private financingas a share of the institution's R&amp;D budget\par
		\item \label{ID_310}Industry contracts\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_297}Industry revenue per staff \par
		\item \label{ID_305}Foreign contracts: Number of contracts with foreign industrial companies at scientific and educational organizationsper 1,000 researchers [contracts/researchers]\par
		\item \label{ID_307}Share of industry income from foreign companies\par
		\item \label{ID_90}Revenue raised from industry R&amp;D as a fractionof total institutional budget (up to a cap)\par
		\item \label{ID_311}Difficulties faced by research organization in collaborating with SMEs\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_153}Private market\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_154}Number of innovation &amp; IP services organizations\par
		(design firms, IP consultants, etc.)\item \label{ID_155}Number of private innovation infrastructure organizations \par
		(e.g. accelerators, incubators)\item \label{ID_410}Access to certification and licensing for specific activities \par
		\item \label{ID_411}Access to suppliers of equipment, production and engineering services \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_114}Innovation infrastructure\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_327}Investments\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_315}Public investment in innovation infrastructure\par
		\item \label{ID_328}Increase of government investment in innovation infrastructure\par
		\item \label{ID_339} Number of Development institution projects performed in the region\par
		\item \label{ID_391}Volume of seed investments by the regional budget \par
		\item \label{ID_392}Volume of venture financing from the regional budget \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_413}Volume of state support per one company \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			
	\section{What to do about existing measures}\label{ID_4}Understanding which measures should be strengthened, dropped or improved, and how.
	\subsection{Demand for measure}\label{ID_42}
	\subsubsection{Quality of beneficiaries}\label{ID_50}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_292}Growth rates of employment in supported innovative firms\par
		\item \label{ID_293}Growth rates of employment in supported innovative firms\par
		\item \label{ID_323}Role of IP for tenants/clients\par
		WIPO SURVEY OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SERVICES OFEUROPEAN TECHNOLOGY INCUBATORS\item \label{ID_326}Share of tenants with innovation activities\par
		\item \label{ID_329}Gazelle tenant: Share of tenants withannual revenue growth of more than 20%for each of the past four years or since formation [%]\par
		\item \label{ID_330}Globalization of tenants: Median share of tenantrevenues obtained from exports [%]\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Number of beneficiaries}\label{ID_78}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_383}Number of projects conducted by companies in cooperation with innovation infrastructure\par
		\item \label{ID_325}Scope and intensity of use of services offered to firms\par
		\item \label{ID_384}Number of companies supported by the infrastructure (training, information, consultations, etc.)\par
		\item \label{ID_401}Increase in the number of business applying for public support programmes (regional, federal, international) \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Degree of access}\label{ID_182}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_52}Level of awareness\par
		Perception (opinion poll) of business managersregarding public support programmes\par
		\item \label{ID_53}Transparency\par
		Perception of business managers in termsof level of transparency of support measures in the region\par
		\item \label{ID_183}Description by regional business managers of the way theselect and apply for regional and federal support schemes\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Number of applicants}\label{ID_176}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_177}Increase in the number of business applying for public support programmes\par
		\item \label{ID_178}Number of companies that know about a particular program\par
		\item \label{ID_179}Increase in the number of start-ups applying to receive VC investments\par
		\item \label{ID_180}Increase in the number of start-ups applying for a place in the incubators\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsection{Inputs of measures}\label{ID_109}
	\subsubsection{Qualified staff}\label{ID_110}JL: not sure how this would be measured
	\subsubsection{Budget per beneficiary}\label{ID_111}
	\subsection{Performance of measure}\label{ID_48}
	\subsubsection{Implementation of measure}\label{ID_47}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_106}Target vs. actual KPIs\par
		\item \label{ID_287}Intermediate outputs per budget\par
		\item \label{ID_372}Qualification of staff\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Output of measure}\label{ID_58}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_101}Opinion surveys\par
		Opinions of beneficiaries\par
		\item \label{ID_103}Hard metrics\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_289}Output per headcount (e.g. staff, researchers)\par
		\item \label{ID_288}Productivity analysis\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsection{Impact of measure}\label{ID_49}
	\subsubsection{Opinion surveys}\label{ID_79}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_294}Perception of support impact (opinion polls)\par
		\item \label{ID_404}Perception of the activity of regional government by the regional companies \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Hard metrics}\label{ID_104}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_331}Increase in number of small innovation enterprises \par
		\item \label{ID_402}Growth of the total volume of salary in the supported companies (excluding inflation) \par
		\item \label{ID_403}Growth of the volume of regional taxes paid by the supported companies \par
		\item \label{ID_405}Growth of the volume of export at the supported companies \par
		\item \label{ID_406}Number of new products/projects at the companies that received support \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Impact assessment }\label{ID_290}
	\subsubsection{}\label{ID_291}
	\subsubsection{}\label{ID_296}
	\section{What investments in innovative projects}\label{ID_7}Understanding what investments should be made in innovative projects.
	\subsection{Competitive niches}\label{ID_61}
	\subsubsection{Clusters behavior}\label{ID_59}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_60}Cluster EU star rating\par
		\item \label{ID_318}Share of value added of cluster enterprises in GRP\par
		\item \label{ID_320}Share of cluster products in the relevant world market segment \par
		\item \label{ID_321}Share of export in cluster total volume of sales\par
		\item \label{ID_379}Growth of the volume of production in the cluster companies\par
		\item \label{ID_380}Growth of the volume of production in the cluster companiesto the volume of state support for the cluster\par
		\item \label{ID_381}Growth of the volume of innovation production in the cluster\par
		\item \label{ID_407}Share of export in cluster total volume of sales (by zones: US, EU, CIS, other countries) \par
		\item \label{ID_408}Internal behavior\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_319}Median wage in the cluster\par
		\item \label{ID_382}Growth of the volume of R&amp;D in the cluster\par
		\item \label{ID_108}Cluster collaboration\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{R&amp;D}\label{ID_66}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_65}Patent map\par
		\item \label{ID_371}Publications map\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Industry}\label{ID_67}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_63}FDI map\par
		\item \label{ID_62}Gazelle map\par
		\item \label{ID_131}Business R&amp;D expenditures as a share of revenues by sector\par
		\item \label{ID_378}Share of regional products in the world market\par
		\item \label{ID_414}Expenditure on innovation by firm size, by sector \par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsubsection{Entrepreneurship}\label{ID_72}\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_73}Startup map\par
		\item \label{ID_74}Venture investment map\par
		\item \label{ID_317}Attractiveness to public competitive funding\par
		\begin{itemize}
			\item \label{ID_316}Fed and regional seed fund investments\par
		\item \label{ID_314}FASIE projects: Number of projects supportedby the FASIE per 1,000 workers [awards/worker]\par
		
			\end{itemize}
			
			\end{itemize}
			
	\subsection{Competitiveness support factors}\label{ID_64}
	\subsubsection{Private investment in innovation}\label{ID_68}
	\section{How to improve image}\label{ID_69}
	\subsection{Rankings}\label{ID_75}
	\subsubsection{macro indicators}\label{ID_70}
	\subsubsection{meso-indicators}\label{ID_71}
	\subsection{Innovation investment climate}\label{ID_76}