Indicator needs

Which new measures¹
- Landscape of measures
  - Diversity index of innovation support instruments in the region[^2]
  - Existing investments in measures
- What other regions do differently
  - Balance of measure index
  - Profile comparison with other regions
  - Number of specific types of measures per capita
How to design & implement measures[^3]
- Good practices
- Diagnostics
  - Internal business innovation factors
  - Return on investment to innovation
    - Firm's turnover from (new to firm) product innovation (as a pecentage of total turnover)
    - Increase in the probability to innovate linked to ICT use (in product innovation, process innovation, organisational innovaton, marketing innovation)
    - Scientific articles by type of collaboration (per capita) (international co-authoriship, domestic co-authoriship, single author)
    - Increase in a share of expenditures on technological innovations in the total amount of regional firms’ expenditures, %
    - Increase in the number of innovative companies with in-house R&D
    - Increase in th number of innovative companies without in-house R&D
    - Increase in th number of firms with international/national collaboration on innovation
    - Highly cited scientific articles (as a percentage of highly cited scientific article in the whole Federation)
    - Patents filed by public research organisations (as a percentafe of patent application filed under PCT)
    - Number of international patents
    - Start-up activity (as a percentage of start-up activity in the whole Federation)
    - Number of innovative companies to the number of students
    - Number of innovative companies to the number of researchers
    - Volume of license agreements to the volume of R&D support from the regional budget
How much effort: where & how[^4]
- The bottom-line[^5]
  - Wages
    - Dynamics of real wages
    - Average wage (compare to the Fed)
  - Productivity
    - Labor productivity
    - Labor productivity growth rate
  - Jobs
    - Share of high-productive jobs
    - Share of creative industries jobs
    - Uneployment rate of university graduates
  - Income
    - GRP per capita and its growth rate
- Influencing factors
  - Economy
    - Economic structure
    - Volume of manufacturing production per capita
    - Manufacturing value added per capita (non-natural resource-based)
  - The enabling environment
    - Ease of doing business[^6]
      - Level of administrative barriers (number and cost of administrative procedures)
    - Competition index[^7]
    - Workforce
      - Quality of education[^8]
        
        Inrease in the number of International students
      - Quantity of education
        
        Participation in life-long learning[^9]
        
        Increase in literarecy
        
        Amount of university and colleague students per 10 thousands population
        
        Share of employees with higher education in the total amount of population at the working age
        
        Increase in University students
        
        Government expenditure on General University Funding
        
        Access to training, information, and consulting support
      - Science & engineering workforce
        
        Availability of scientists and engineers[^10]
        
        Amount of researches per 10 thousands population
        
        Average wage of researches per average wage in the region
        
        Share of researchers in the total number of employees in the region
    - Government
      - Total expenditure of general government as a percentage of GDP
      - Government expenditure on Economic Development
    - Access to finance
      - Deals
        
        Venture capital investments for start-ups as a percentage of GDP
        
        Amounts of business angel, pre-seed, seed and venture financing
        
        Amount of public co-funding of business R&D
        
        Number of startups received venture financing
        
        Number of companies received equity investments
      - Available
        
        Amount of matching grants available in the region for business R&D
        
        Number of Business Angels
    - ICT
      - ICT use[^11]
      - Broadband penetration
      - Internet penetration
      - Computer literacy
  - Behavior of innovation actors
    - Access to markets
      - FDI
        
        foreign JVs
        
        Inflow of foreign direct investments in high-technology industries
        
        Foreign direct investment jobs[^12]
        
        FDI as a share of regional non natural resource-based GRP
        
        Number of foreign subsidiaries operating in the region
        
        Share of foreign controlled enterprises
      - Exports
        
        Export intensity in manufacturing and services[^13]
        
        Share of high-technology export in the total volume of production of goods, works and services
        
        Share of innovation production/serivces that goes for export, by zones (EU, US, CIS, other countries
      - Share of high-technology products in government procurements
    - Entrepreneurship culture
      - Fear of failure rate[^14]
      - Entrepreneurship as desirable career choice[^15]
      - High Status Successful Entrepreneurship[^16]
    - Collaboration & partnerships
      - Number of business contracts with foreign partners for R&D collaboration
      - Share of R&D financed from foreign sources[^17]
      - Firms collaborating on innovation with organizations in other countries[^18]
      - Share of Innovative companies collaborating with research institutions on innovation
      - Number of joint projects conducted by the local comapnies and local consulting/intermediary agencies
      - science and industry links
    - Technology absorption
      - Local supplier quality[^19]
      - Share of expenditures on technological innovations in the amount of sales
      - Number of purchased new technologies
      - Investments in ICT by asset (IT equipment, communication equipment, software)
      - Machinery and equipment
      - Software and databases
      - Level of energy efficiency of the regional economy (can be measured by sectors and for the whole region)
      - Share of wastes in the total volume of production (by sector)
    - Innovation activities in firms
      - Share of innovative companies
      - Business R&D expenditures per GRP
      - Factors hampering innovation[^20]
      - Expenditure on innovation by firm size
      - R&D and other intellectl property products
      - Growth of the number of innovative companies
      - Outpus
        
        Volume of new to Russian market production per GRP
        
        Volume of new to world market production per total production
        
        Growth of the volume of production of innovative companies
        
        Volume of innovation production per capita
    - Entrepreneurial activities
      - New business density[^21]
      - Volume of newly registered corporations [^22]
      - Share of gazelle companies in the total number of businesses
    - R&D production
      - Outputs
        
        Amount of domestically protected intellectual property per 1 mln. population
        
        Amount of PCT-applications per 1 mln. population
        
        Number of domestic patent applications per R&D expenditures
        
        Number of intellectual property exploited by regional enterprises per 1 mln. population
        
        Publication activity of regional scientists and researches
      - Inputs
        
        Regional and local budget expenditures on R&D
        
        Government R&D expenditure
    - Public sector innovation
      - Number of advanced ICT introduced in the budgetary organizations (regional power, municipal bodies, social and educational organizations)
      - E-government index
      - Number of management innovations introduced in the budgetary organizations (regional power, municipal bodies, social and educational organizations)
  - Supporting organizations
    - Research institutions
      - Collaboration
        
        Number of interactions between universities and large companies by university size
      - Resources
        
        R&D expenditures per 1 researcher
        
        Average wage of researches per average wage in the region
        
        High education expenditure on R&D
      - Scientific outputs
        
        Publications
        
        Impact of publications in the ISI database (h-index)
        
        Number of publications in international journals per worker per year
        
        Publications: Academic articles in international peer-reviewed journals per 1,000 researchers [articles/1,000 researchers].
        
        Number of foreign patents granted per staff
      - Supportive measures
        
        Diversity index of university entrepreneurship support measures[^23]
      - Commercialization
        
        Licensing
        
        Academic licenses: Number of licenses per 1,000 researchers.[licenses/researcher]
        
        Spin-offs
        
        Number of spin-offs with external private financing as a share of the institution's R&D budget
        
        Industry contracts
        
        Industry revenue per staff
        
        Foreign contracts: Number of contracts with foreign industria l companies at scientific and educational organizations per 1,000 researchers [contracts/researchers]
        
        Share of industry income from foreign companies
        
        Revenue raised from industry R&D as a fraction of total institutional budget (up to a cap)
        
        Difficulties faced by research organization in collaborating with SMEs
    - Private market
      - Number of innovation & IP services organizations[^24]
      - Number of private innovation infrastructure organizations [^25]
      - Access to certification and licensing for specific activities
      - Access to suppliers of equipment, production and engineering services
    - Innovation infrastructure
      - Investments
        
        Public investment in innovation infrastructure
        
        Increase of government investment in innovation infrastructure
        
        Number of Development institution projects performed in the region
        
        Volume of seed investments by the regional budget
        
        Volume of venture financing from the regional budget
      - Volume of state support per one company
What to do about existing measures[^26]
- Demand for measure
  - Quality of beneficiaries
    - Growth rates of employment in supported innovative firms
    - Growth rates of employment in supported innovative firms
    - Role of IP for tenants/clients[^27]
    - Share of tenants with innovation activities
    - Gazelle tenant: Share of tenants with annual revenue growth of more than 20% for each of the past four years or since formation [%]
    - Globalization of tenants: Median share of tenant revenues obtained from exports [%]
  - Number of beneficiaries
    - Number of projects conducted by companies in cooperation with innovation infrastructure
    - Scope and intensity of use of services offered to firms
    - Number of companies supported by the infrastructure (training, information, consultations, etc.)
    - Increase in the number of business applying for public support programmes (regional, federal, international)
  - Degree of access
    - Level of awareness
      - Perception (opinion poll) of business managers regarding public support programmes
    - Transparency
      - Perception of business managers in terms of level of transparency of support measures in the region
    - Description by regional business managers of the way the select and apply for regional and federal support schemes
  - Number of applicants
    - Increase in the number of business applying for public support programmes
    - Number of companies that know about a particular program
    - Increase in the number of start-ups applying to receive VC investments
    - Increase in the number of start-ups applying for a place in the incubators
- Inputs of measures
  - Qualified staff[^28]
  - Budget per beneficiary
- Performance of measure
  - Implementation of measure
    - Target vs. actual KPIs
    - Intermediate outputs per budget
    - Qualification of staff
  - Output of measure
    - Opinion surveys
      - Opinions of beneficiaries
    - Hard metrics
      - Output per headcount (e.g. staff, researchers)
      - Productivity analysis
- Impact of measure
  - Opinion surveys
    - Perception of support impact (opinion polls)
    - Perception of the activity of regional government by the regional companies
  - Hard metrics
    - Increase in number of small innovation enterprises
    - Growth of the total volume of salary in the supported companies (excluding inflation)
    - Growth of the volume of regional taxes paid by the supported companies
    - Growth of the volume of export at the supported companies
    - Number of new products/projects at the companies that received support
  - Impact assessment
  - Average leverage of 1rub (there would be several programs with different leverage)
  - Volume of attracted money per one ruble of regional budget expenditures on innovation projects
What investments in innovative projects[^29]
- Competitive niches
  - Clusters behavior
    - Cluster EU star rating
    - Share of value added of cluster enterprises in GRP
    - Share of cluster products in the relevant world market segment
    - Share of export in cluster total volume of sales
    - Growth of the volume of production in the cluster companies
    - Growth of the volume of production in the cluster companies to the volume of state support for the cluster
    - Growth of the volume of innovation production in the cluster
    - Share of export in cluster total volume of sales (by zones: US, EU, CIS, other countries)
    - Internal behavior
      - Median wage in the cluster
      - Growth of the volume of R&D in the cluster
      - Cluster collaboration
  - R&D
    - Patent map
    - Publications map
  - Industry
    - FDI map
    - Gazelle map
    - Business R&D expenditures as a share of revenues by sector
    - Share of regional products in the world market
    - Expenditure on innovation by firm size, by sector
  - Entrepreneurship
    - Startup map
    - Venture investment map
    - Attractiveness to public competitive funding
      - Fed and regional seed fund investments
      - FASIE projects: Number of projects supported by the FASIE per 1,000 workers [awards/worker]
- Competitiveness support factors
  - Private investment in innovation
How to improve image
- Rankings
  - macro indicators
  - meso-indicators
- Innovation investment climate

Identifying new measures or investments that should be implemented.[^2]: Number of different innovations policy instruments existing in the region as a share of a total number representing a full typology of instruments[^3]: Understanding how to design the details of a particular measure and how to implement them.[^4]: Understanding the level of effort the region needs to take to compete on innovation and where to put this effort[^5]: This is what policy makers care about in the end[^6]: WB[^7]: GCR[^8]: GCR[^9]: per 100 population aged 25-64[^10]: GCR[^11]: GCR[^12]: : the percentage of the workforce employed by foreign companies [%]. [^13]: : exports as a share of total output in manufacturing and services [%].[^14]: GEM[^15]: GEM[^16]: GEM[^17]: UNESCO[^18]: CIS[^19]: GCR[^20]: CIS, BEEPS[^21]: Number of new organizations per thousand working age population (WBI)[^22]: (as a percentage of all registered corporations)[^23]: Number of measures offered by the unversity within a preset range (NCET2 survey)[^24]: (design firms, IP consultants, etc.)[^25]: (e.g. accelerators, incubators)[^26]: Understanding which measures should be strengthened, dropped or improved, and how.[^27]: WIPO SURVEY OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SERVICES OFEUROPEAN TECHNOLOGY INCUBATORS[^28]: JL: not sure how this would be measured[^29]: Understanding what investments should be made in innovative projects. ↩︎

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Indicator needs

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